선생님과 또래 중 누구를 신뢰할까? 교사의 정확성이 낮거나 불분명한 상황에서의 유아의 선택적 신뢰
Who Do I Need to Trust Between a Teacher and a Peer? Young Children's Selective Trust When the Teacher's Accuracy Is Low or Uncertain
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초록
정보 제공자가 이전에 정확한 정보를 제공했는지의 여부는 그 사람이 주는 정보의 신뢰성을 판단하는 데 있어 중요한 요인이다. 본 연구에서는 교사가 부정확한 정보를 제공했거나, 또래 보다 더 정확하다는 정황이 분명하지 않을 때, 그리고 교사가 일반 성인과 비교될 때 유아들의 선택적 신뢰가 어떻게 나타나는지 살펴보았다. 교사가 이전에 부정확하고 또래 유아가 정확했던 조건에서 만 4, 5세 유아들은 장난감에 대해서는 또래 유아가 주는 정보를 더 신뢰하였으나, 물건에 대해서는 또래 유아를 선뜻 더 신뢰하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이 조건에서 만 3세 유아들은 사물의 종류에 상관없이 우연 수준으로 또래 유아를 신뢰하는 경향을 보였다. 흥미롭게도, 교사가 부정확했고 또래의 정확성에 대해서는 알 수 없거나, 또래 유아가 정확했고 교사의 정확성에 대해서는 알 수 없는 모호한 상황들에서 모든 연령의 유아들은 사물의 종류와 상관없이 선뜻 또래 유아를 더 신뢰하지 않았다. 4, 5세 유아들이 일반 성인보다 교사를 더 신뢰할 수 있다는 결과와 함께, 사회 규범이나 연장자, 교사와의 조화로운 관계를 중요시하는 문화가 유아들의 교사에 대한 신뢰에 줄 수 있는 영향력에 대해 논의한다.
Abstract
An informant's previous accuracy is an important aspect to judge credibility of his information. The current study examined whether young children trust a teacher or a peer when the teacher was inaccurate or when it is uncertain if the teacher is more accurate than the peer. Four- and five-year-olds trusted the peer's labeling of a toy, but not labeling of an object when the teacher was previously inaccurate and the peer was accurate. In this situation, three-year-olds' trust in the peer was at chance level no matter whether the labeling was about toys or usual objects. Interestingly, when the teacher was inaccurate and the peer's accuracy was uncertain, and when the peer was accurate and the teacher's accuracy was uncertain, children in all age groups did not readily trust the peer's labeling regardless of the kind of objects. Alongside the result that four- and five-year-olds might trust a teacher more than a usual adult, cultural emphasis on harmony with social norms, the elderly, and teachers and its possible influence on young children's trust in teachers will be discussed.
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