빈곤 아동에 대한 보호요인과 위험요인 탐색: 만 3세 유아를 대상으로
The Investigation of Protective factors and Risk factors in Child Poverty: On the 3-Year-old children
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본 연구는 빈곤요인에 따른 맞춤형 중재모형을 탐색해보고, 구체화된 설명모형을 근거로 빈곤 아동의 발달적 특성과 이에 따른 위험요인과 보호요인의 개별적인 영향력을 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 빈곤아동은 생계목적으로 보육료 지원 대상으로 선정된 가정의 아동으로 정의하였다. 연구대상은 서울과 경기 지역에 거주하는 만 3세 유아 476명이다. 이들 중 228명은 빈곤 가정 아동이고 248명은 비 빈곤 가정 아동이었다. 각 측정변인들의 영향력을 분석하기 위하여 의사결정나무분석을 사용한 Data Mining을 이용하였다. 연구결과, 빈곤아동의 가정환경자극과 이에 따른 위험요인과 보호요인은 아동의 성별에 따라 구체화되어 발달적 특성을 설명하는 것이 예측력 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 빈곤 남아와 여아의 의사결정 나무모형에 따르면, 빈곤한 가정의 남아들은 비 빈곤 가정의 남아들에 비해 가정환경의 반응성 자극이 낮았으며 사회성 발달이 보다 느린 것으로 확인되었다. 한편 양호한 물리적 환경이나 사회적 지원의 존재는 빈곤층 남아에게 보호적인 요인일 가능성이 시사되었다. 한편, 빈곤 가정의 여아들은 남아들에 비해 물리적 환경이 위험요인으로 나타났으며, 상대적으로 언어이해 점수가 낮을 때 여아의 지적발달에 심각한 위험요인이 될 수 있으며 이는 부모의 신체적, 심리적 건강상태에 크게 영향을 받고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 물리적 환경과 사회적 지지가 빈곤 남아의 보호요인으로 작용하는데 비해 빈곤 여아에게는 위험요인의 방향성을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다.
Abstract
This study investigated protective factors and risk factors in children in poverty and their outcomes. The definition of child poverty in this study were children who received support in child care and education expenses due to low cost of living. Participants consisted of 476 mothers and their 3-year-old children who live in Seoul or`Kyounggi Province. Among the participants, 228 were children in poverty. To identify the effect of child poverty, data mining decision tree model was performed with the following variances; social support, parenting stress, home environment stimulation, and child outcomes. Decision tree model included significant predictor variable on child poverty as a child's sex, Decision tree model showed that responsiveness stimulation in HOME and social skill had important influences on boys in poverty. Physical environment stimulation of HOME and social support were predicted as protective factors in boys in poverty. However, physical environment stimulation worked as risk factors on girls in poverty. Relatively low language comprehension skills predicted risk factor on child developmental functioning, and this was influenced by parent's psychological and mental health. The results discussed that physical environment stimulation in HOME and social support were defined as protective factors for boys in poverty, but risk factors for girls.
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