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인생과정 조망과 성인기 발달

Life-Course Perspective and the Development of Adulthood

장휘숙
한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 (The Korean Society For Developmental Psychology)|2008.09|한국심리학회지: 발달 (THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY)|제21권 제3호|pp. 99-113

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참고문헌

키워드

developmental trajectory전환점turning pointdevelopmental perspective인생과정 조망발달적 조망사회적 경로발달궤도life-course perspectivesocial pathways
주제분류심리과학

초록

이 개관논문은 연령관련적 변화로써 전생애 발달을 설명하는 전통적인 발달적 조망을 보완할 수 있는 새로운 대안으로, 인생과정 조망을 설명하고 발달심리학 연구가 나아가야할 방향을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 1970년대에 출현한 인생과정 조망은 광범위하게 변화하는 맥락 속에서의 개별적 삶에 대한 연구를 격려하고, 사람과 맥락간의 상호작용을 중요시하며 사회구조와 인생경로의 조직화 및 재조직화에 관심을 갖는다. 전통적으로 발달심리학자들은 시간에 따른 개인의 변화를 연구하였으므로 발달에 미치는 맥락의 영향에는 큰 관심을 갖지 않았다. 그 결과 발달적 조망에서의 맥락은 단순히 개인이 통과해가는 과정이나 상황으로 인식되었을 뿐이었다. 그러나 과거와 비교하여 결혼과 자녀출산이 지연되고 무자녀 가족이 증가하였는가 하면 직업에서 은퇴하는 연령도 다양해짐으로써, 연령에 기초한 발달적 연구만으로 전생애 동안의 발달을 설명하기 어렵게 되었다. 이러한 때 사회적 경로와 누적적 연속성, 발달궤도 및 전환점을 중요시하는 인생과정 조망의 활용은 개인의 발달에 영향을 주는 다양한 맥락적 변인들을 보다 심도 있게 연구할 수 있도록 함으로써 발달심리학 연구를 한 차원 높이는 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explain about life-course perspecive as an new alternative for the traditional developmental perspective and to suggest the future direction of developmental psychology. Life-course perspective being appeared in the 1970s encouraged the study of personal life in the changing contexts, valued the interactions between person and contexts, and took interest in the social structure, organization and reorganization of life course. Traditionally developmental psychologist was concerned about personal changes across time but not the effects of contexts. To apply life-course perspective to developmental psychology was expected to play the hightening the level of the developmental study.

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