4, 5세 아동의 틀린 믿음, 정서, 언어와 사회적 행동과의 관계
The Relationships among False Belief, Emotion, Language, and Social behavior in Four- and Five-Year-Old Children
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초록
본 연구에서는 틀린 믿음, 정서, 언어와 사회적 행동과의 관계를 살펴보았다. 4세와 5세 아동 60명에게 수용어휘력 검사, 틀린 믿음 과제(위치변화 과제), 언어 과제(보문 과제), 정서조망수용 과제를 실시하고, 사회적 기술 척도를 사용하여 사회적 행동을 측정하였다. 변인들 간의 상관관계를 알아본 결과, 4세와 5세 아동의 어휘력은 정서조망수용 능력 및 사회적 행동과 정적 상관이 있었다. 4세 아동의 틀린 믿음 수행은 정서조망수용 능력과 정적 상관이 있는 반면, 5세 아동의 틀린 믿음 수행은 보문 이해와 사회적 행동과 정적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타나 연령에 따라 차이가 있음을 보여주었다. 또한 사회적 행동과 관련하여 틀린 믿음과 정서 이해는 연령에 따라 서로 다른 방식으로 관련되어 있음을 보여주었다. 사회적 행동을 예측해 주는 주요 변인을 알아보기 위해 동시적 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 4세 아동의 어휘력과 5세 아동의 틀린 믿음 수행이 사회적 행동을 예측하였다. 또한 5세 아동의 보문 이해가 틀린 믿음 수행을 예측하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 아동의 어휘력과 틀린 믿음 수행은 사회적 행동과, 그리고 보문 이해는 틀린 믿음 수행과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 시사해 준다.
Abstract
This study investigated the relationships among false belief, emotion, language, and social behavior in four- and five-year-old children. The participants were 30 four-year-old children and 30 five-year-old typically developing children in two kindergartens. The children's abilities were measured by using language tasks, false belief tasks, emotional perspective taking tasks, and the Korean Version of the Social Skills Rating System-Preschool Form (K-SSRS). The results showed that 4-year-old children's false belief performance was significantly correlated with emotional perspective taking whereas 5-year-old children's false belief performance was significantly correlated with complement understanding and social skill scores. The findings also suggest that understanding of false-belief may be separated from understanding of emotion in terms of aspects of social behavior in young children. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that receptive vocabulary predicted social behavior in 4-year-olds, while the false belief performance predicted social behavior in 5-year-olds. In addition, the complement understanding predicted the false belief performance in 5-year-olds. These results suggest that the vocabulary along with the false belief performance is a predictor of social behavior in Korean children, the complement understanding is a predictor of false belief reasoning.
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