‘낙하현상’에 대한 아동의 지식 변화
Children's knowledge change about the free-fall phenomenon
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이 연구는 낙하현상에 대한 아동의 지식이 연령과 과제에 따라 어떠한 차이가 있는지 밝히고, 추론을 통해 아동의 사전지식이 사후지식으로 변화되는지 규명하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 서울과 경기도의 중류층 거주 지역 어린이집 3 곳과 초등학교 2 곳에 다니는 4, 6, 8세 아동 각 40명씩 총120명을 연구대상으로 선정하여 ‘무게과제’와 ‘크기과제’를 수행하도록 하고 낙하현상에 대한 사전지식, 추론과 사후지식을 살펴보았다. 이 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 낙하현상에 대한 사전지식은 연령에 따라 차이가 없었으며, 크기과제의 수행 점수가 유의하게 높았고, 연령과 과제의 상호작용효과가 나타났다. 둘째, 낙하현상에 대한 아동의 추론은 4세보다 6, 8세의 수행 점수가 유의하게 높았다. 그러나 과제에 따른 추론 수행 수준의 차이는 없었다. 셋째, 낙하현상에 대한 아동의 사후지식은 4세보다 6, 8세의 수행 점수가 유의하게 높았다. 그러나 과제에 따른 사후지식의 차이는 없었다. 넷째, 추론 후 낙하현상에 대한 아동의 사후지식은 4, 6, 8세 모두 사전지식과 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 크기과제보다 무게과제에서 낙하현상 사전지식과 사후지식의 차이가 더 크게 나타났다. 이 연구는 4, 6, 8세 아동이 낙하현상에 대한 초보적 사전지식을 가지고 있음을 밝혔다. 그리고 실험 결과를 확인하고 해석하는 추론을 거치며 새로운 지식을 구성할 수 있음을 밝혔다.
Abstract
The purposes of this study were (1) to investigate the differences in children's knowledge of and reasoning about the free-fall phenomenon according to their ages and tasks, and (2) to investigate whether the children's prior knowledge changes to post knowledge through reasoning. Forty from each of three age groups-4-, 6-, and 8-year-olds, for a (total of 120 subjects)were selected for the study. The subjects were chosen from three preschools and two elementary schools located in the middle class residential areas of Seoul and of Kyoung-Ki Province. Each child was to perform tasks dealing with weight and size. Under observation were each child's prior knowledge, reasoning and post knowledge of the free-fall phenomenon. The major findings are as follows: first, there were no differences in the children's prior knowledge of the free-fall phenomenon according to the different age groups. However the prior knowledge level of the size task was higher than for the weight task. There was an interaction effect between ages and tasks. Second, 6-and 8-year old children showed higher levels of reasoning than did 4-year old children. However, there were no differences in the children's reasoning between the different tasks. Third, 6-and 8-year old children showed higher levels of the post knowledge than 4-year old children. However, there was no difference in children's post knowledge according to different tasks. Fourth, there was a significant difference between the prior and the post knowledge. Through measuring the reasonings in the two task experiments, changes in the prior knowledge of the free-fall phenomenon were observed among all three age groups. The difference between prior and post knowledge was higher in the weight than in the size task.
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