물체의 움직임 현상에 대한 사전지식과 추론이 아동의 사후지식 형성에 미치는 영향
The influence of prior knowledge and reasoning about the object movement phenomenon on children’s post knowledge formation
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초록
이 연구는 물체의 움직임 현상에 대한 아동의 사전지식과 추론이 사후지식 형성에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 서울과 경기도의 중류층 거주지역 어린이집 3곳과 초등학교 2곳에 다니는 4, 6, 8세 아동 각 40명씩 총 120명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 그리고 물체의 움직임을 나타내는 부침(浮沈)현상, 낙하현상, 경사면이동현상에서 두 물체의 크기는 같고 무게가 다른 ‘무게과제’와 두 물체의 무게는 같고 크기가 다른 ‘크기과제’를 이용하여 아동의 사전지식, 추론 및 사후지식을 측정하였다. 이 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 물체의 움직임 현상에 대한 아동의 사후지식 형성은 추론과 사전지식의 영향을 받았다. 부침현상 사후지식은 크기과제 추론과 무게과제 추론의 순으로 영향을 받았다. 낙하현상 사후지식은 무게과제 추론, 크기과제 추론, 크기과제 사전지식의 순으로 영향을 받았다. 경사면이동현상 사후지식은 크기과제 추론, 무게과제 추론, 크기과제 사전지식의 순으로 영향을 받았다. 이 연구는 물체의 움직임 현상에 대한 아동의 사전지식과 추론이 사후지식 형성에 영향을 미침을 밝혔다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of prior knowledge and reasoning about object movement phenomenon on children’s post knowledge formation. Forty 4-, 6- and 8- year-olds (a total of 120 subjects) were selected for this study. The subjects were chosen from three preschools and two elementary schools located in middle-class residential areas of Seoul and Kyoung-Ki province. Each child was asked to perform the tasks of “weight” and “size”. The child's prior knowledge, reasoning, and post knowledge of 3 object movement phenomena(buoyancy, free-fall, sloping) were observed. The influential variables for post knowledge of the three phenomena were both reasoning and prior knowledge. For the buoyancy phenomenon, the effect of the size task reasoning was found to be stronger than that of the weight task reasoning. For the free-fall phenomenon, the effect of the weight task reasoning was found to be the strongest, followed by the size task reasoning and the size task prior knowledge. Whereas, for the sloping phenomenon, the effect of the size task reasoning was found to be the strongest, followed by the weight task reasoning, and the size task prior knowledge. Thus, this study revealed that reasoning and prior knowledge about phenomena related to object movement affected the formation of post knowledge.
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