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3세 아동의 가정환경 자극과 발달 수준이7세 아동의 지능발달에 미치는 영향

The effects of HOME environments and children development at 3 years of age on the intelligence development at 7 years of age

곽금주|김수정
한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 (The Korean Society For Developmental Psychology)|2013.12|한국심리학회지: 발달 (THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY)|제26권 제4호|pp. 41-57

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키워드

early childhoodchild development아동발달아동 초기가정환경자극아동 중기 지능home environmental stimulimid-childhood intelligence
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 아동 초기 가정환경 자극과 아동의 발달 수준이 7세 지능 발달에 주는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 연구 대상은 143명의 아동과 아동의 어머니 쌍들이다. 아동이 만 3세 때 가정환경 자극과 아동발달을 어머니 보고를 통해 측정하였고, 4년 후인, 만 7세 경, 한국웩슬러III 아동지능검사를 실시하여 아동의 지능을 측정하였다. 3세 가정환경, 아동 발달, 그리고 7세 지능 간 상관을 분석한 결과, 3세 가정환경과 아동발달은 매우 유의미한 상관을 보였으며, 아동발달과 지능, 그리고 가정환경과 지능도 유의미한 정적 상관을 보였다. 가정환경 자극의 하위영역 중, 학습적 자극, 온정적 반응성, 언어적 자극 등이 지능과 유의미한 정적 상관을 보였으며, 아동발달의 하위영역 중, 소근육 발달, 언어 발달, 인지 발달 등이 지능과 정적 상관을 나타냈다. 각 변인 간 직․간접적 경로를 알아보기 위해 구조방정식모형을 통해 검증한 결과, 3세 가정환경자극은 근소하게 7세 지능에 영향을 주면서, 아동발달을 통해 간접적으로 지능에 정적으로 영향을 주었다. 또한 3세 가정환경 자극은 아동발달에 그리고 아동발달은 7세 지능에 직접적으로 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 현 연구를 통해 아동 초기 가정환경 자극과 아동 발달 수준이 아동 중기 지능발달에 영향을 주고 있음이 제안되었다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the home environment and child development at 3 years of age on intelligence development at 7 years. The participants were 143 mother-child dyads whose home environment and child development were measured using the mothers' reports when the children were 3 years old. At 7 years, the children’s intelligence was evaluated using the Korean version of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III. The results indicated a significant positive correlation between home environment and child development, as well as positive correlations between child development and intelligence, and between home environment and intelligence. Educational stimuli, acceptance, and linguistic stimuli from the home environment demonstrated significant positive correlations with intelligence. Positive correlations were found between intelligence and each of the following: fine-motor, linguistic, and cognitive development. The results of the structural equation model showed that home environment at 3 years had a small influence on intelligence at 7 years, and home environment had direct positive effects on child development. Furthermore, the stage of development had direct positive effects on intelligence at the age of 7. This study suggests that home environments and the developmental levels of children in early childhood affect their intellectual development in middle childhood.

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