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아동기 모와의 정서적 유대와 성인 애착의 관계: 자기 존중감과 타인 신뢰의 매개 효과

Relationship between Childhood Emotional Bonding with Mother and Adult Attachment: Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem and Trust in Others

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초록

본 연구는 아동기에 모와의 관계에서 경험한 정서적 유대가 자기 존중감과 타인 신뢰를 통해 성인기의 애착 행동 방식에 영향을 미치는 심리적 경로를 애착이론에 근거하여 조사하였다. 미국 남서부의 대도시 지역권에 거주하는 대학생 401명을 대상으로 수집된 자료를 분석한 결과, 자신에 대한 존중감과 타인을 신뢰하는 성향은 각각 아동기에 경험한 모와의 정서적 유대와 성인기의 불안애착 행동 방식을 완전 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 타인을 신뢰하는 성향만이 모와의 정서적 유대와 회피애착 행동 방식을 부분 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 내적작동모델에 대한 Bowlby의 이론적 제안과 Bartholomew의 개념적 분류의 타당성을 확인하는 것으로 아동기에 모와의 관계에서 애정과 돌봄, 정서적 지지를 많이 경험할수록 자신의 존재 의미와 가치를 높이 평가하고 타인의 의도를 긍정적으로 인식하고 신뢰하는 경향이 높음을 나타낸다. 또한, 이렇게 자기 존중감과 타인을 신뢰하는 경향이 모두 높을수록 대인관계에서 거절에 대한 불안이나 두려움으로 타인에게 지나치게 집착하는 불안애착 행동을 보이는 경향이 낮음을 나타났다. 한편, 자기 존중감 보다는 타인에 대한 신뢰와 아동기 모와의 정서적 유대가 친밀한 관계를 회피하고 지나치게 자기의존적인 회피애착 행동을 예측하는 주요 변인인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과의 임상적, 교육적 의의와 연구의 제한점 및 추후 연구 과제들과 함께 제시되었다.

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate pathways in which childhood emotional bonding with mothers predicts adulthood attachment through self-esteem and trust in others. Participants were 401 college students in the southwest United States. The results indicated that self-esteem and trust in others fully mediated the relationship between emotional bonding with mother and anxious attachment. In contrast, trust in others partially mediated the relationship between childhood emotional bonding and avoidant attachment. These findings confirm Bowlby’s proposition and Bartholomew’s conceptualization of working model, and suggest that those who received more affection from their mother were more likely to perceive themselves as valuable and to trust others. Furthermore, those who view themselves as valuable and trust others were less likely to show anxious attachment styles (i.e., overly dependent on others). Besides, trust in others and emotional bonding with mother were predictors of avoidant attachment (i.e., compulsively self-reliant). Limitations and future directions were discussed with regard to clinical and educational implications.

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