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놀이 상황에서 어머니의 인지적․정서적 지지와 유아의 인지적 유연성 간의 관계: 흥미의 매개효과

The Relationship between Maternal Cognitive and Emotional Support during Play and Children’s Cognitive Flexibility: The Mediating Role of Interest

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초록

본 연구는 놀이에서 나타나는 어머니의 인지적, 정서적 지지 행동이 유아의 인지적 유연성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 어머니의 지지 행동과 유아의 인지적 유연성의 관계에서 유아의 흥미가 매개하는가를 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구에는 서울·경기 지역의 만 4-5세 유아와 어머니 54쌍이 참여하였다. 어머니의 지지 행동은 놀이 상호작용을 비디오로 녹화한 후, 코딩 체계에 따라 인지적 지지와 정서적 지지로 나누어 분석하였다. 놀이를 마친 후 유아의 흥미를 측정하였으며, DCCS (Dimensional Change Card Sort) 과제를 통해 인지적 유연성을 알아보았다. 그 결과, 어머니의 인지적 지지 행동이 높은 경우 유아의 인지적 유연성이 유의하게 낮았으며, 정서적 지지 행동이 높은 경우 유아의 인지적 유연성이 유의하게 높았다. 또한 어머니의 지지 행동과 유아의 인지적 유연성의 관계에서 유아 흥미의 매개효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 인생 초기 중요한 놀이 환경의 구성자이자 참여자로서의 어머니가 나타내는 지지 행동이 유아의 인지적 유연성 발달에 영향을 미치며, 그 과정에서 유아의 흥미가 중요한 요인으로 작용할 수 있음을 시사한다.

Abstract

In this study, the effects of maternal cognitive support and emotional support during play on children’s cognitive flexibility were examined. Specifically, the mediating role of interest in the relationship between maternal support and cognitive flexibility was investigated. Fifty-four children aged four and five years and their mothers participated in this study. Mothers’ behaviors during play were videotaped and analyzed. Interest was measured by inquiring about children’s emotions and persistence. Children’s cognitive flexibility was measured by the DCCS (Dimensional Change Card Sort) task. The results of this study following: First, there was a significant difference in children’s interest and cognitive flexibility according to maternal support. Cognitive support was negatively correlated to children’s cognitive flexibility, and emotional support was positively correlated to cognitive flexibility. Second, the mediating effect of interest was significant for the relationship between maternal support and children’s cognitive flexibility. These findings suggest that maternal cognitive and emotional support during play may be important factors that contribute to children’s interest and cognitive flexibility.

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