아동기 애착불안과 애착회피에 대한 지각이 성인진입기 우울에 영향을 미치는 기제: 우울경험양식의 매개효과
The Effects of Perceived Childhood Attachment Anxiety and Avoidance on Depression in Emerging Adulthood: Depressive Experience Style as a Mediator
1
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
어린 시절 형성되는 불안정한 애착은 우울의 중요한 위험요인으로 알려져 있으나 우울 발병에 취약한 성인진입기 우울에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 부족하다. 이에 본 연구는 지각된 아동기 애착불안과 애착회피가 각각 우울을 예측하는 기제에서 우울경험양식의 하위요인인 의존성과 자기비판의 매개효과를 검증했다. 이를 위해 성인진입기 남녀 200명(남 74명, 여 126명)을 대상으로 자기보고식 질문지로 애착불안, 애착회피, 의존성, 자기비판, 우울을 측정하여 경로분석을 하였다. 연구결과, 애착불안 및 애착회피는 우울을 정적으로 예측했으며, 이 관계는 자기비판에 의해 완전매개되었다. 반면, 애착불안 및 애착회피와 우울의 관계에서 의존성의 매개효과는 유의하지 않았다. 본 결과는 높은 애착불안과 애착회피가 성인진입기 우울에 취약하게 하며, 그 과정을 자기비판이 설명함을 의미한다. 본 연구는 지각된 아동기 애착이 우울경험양식을 통해 성인진입기 우울 발달에 기여하는 기제를 경험적으로 확인하고 개입표적을 제시하는 실제적 함의가 있다.
Abstract
Although insecure attachment has been recognized as a major risk factor for depression, its mechanisms predicting depression in the emerging adulthood has been relatively unexplored. Therefore, this study examined the effects of the dimensions of perceived childhood attachement(i.e., attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance) on the levels of depression in a sample of college students, focusing on the role of depressive experience style as a mediator. A total of 200 participants(74 males, 126 females) completed self-report questionnaires assessing attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, dependency, self-criticism, and depression. Results of path analysis indicated that attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance positively predicted depression, and these associations were fully mediated by the self-criticism factor of depressive experience style. Conversely, the dependency factor of depressive experience style did not significantly mediate the relationship between the dimensions of attachment and depression. This study empirically investigated the mechanisms by which perceived childhood attachment may contribute to the development of depression in the emerging adulthood through the depressive experience style. Our findings also offer practical implications in terms of providing promising targets for preventive interventions and treatments for depression.
참고문헌 (69)
- 곽영희, "초기 청소년의 불안정 애착, 역기능적 태도, 사회적 지지와 우울 간의 구조적 관계", 상담학연구, 15(5), pp.1887~1909 (2014), 한국상담학회[DOI]
- 김현진, "대학생의 우울 취약성과 자의식이 대인관계에 미치는 영향", 석사, 심리학, pp.2002
- 미국정신의학회, "정신질환의 진단 및 통계편람" (2015), 학지사
- 성형모, "한국어판 백 우울 설문지 2판의 신뢰도 및 타당도 연구", 생물치료정신의학, 14(2), pp.201~212 (2008), 대한생물치료정신의학회
- 윤현수, "우울의 유형에 따른 대인표상과 대인관계문제의 특성-성취지향적 우울집단과 관계지향적 우울집단의 비교-", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23(3), pp.577~594 (2004), 한국임상심리학회
- 이현숙, "아동용 부모애착척도의 구성과 타당화", 석사, 초등학교상담, pp.2009
- 이현숙, "초등학생용 부모애착척도의 구성", 초등상담연구, 9(2), pp.143~162 (2010), 한국초등상담교육학회
- 정주리, "불안정 애착과 우울 및 삶의 만족도 간의 관계에서 자기용서와 타인용서의 매개효과", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 31(4), pp.1187~1204 (2019), 한국상담심리학회[DOI]
- 조현재, "대학생의 애착안정성과 대인불안의 관계: 자기표상 및 타인표상의 매개효과", 청소년학연구, 18(1), pp.201~222 (2011), 한국청소년학회
- 한유경, "대학생의 성인애착과 우울: 반추와 정서표현억제의 매개효과", 인간발달연구, 26(1), pp.91~110 (2019), 한국인간발달학회[DOI]
- Ainsworth, M. D., "Patterns of attachment : A psychological study of the strange situation" (1978), Lawrence Erlbaum
- Alford, B. A., "The specificity of sociotropy-autonomy personality dimensions to depression vs. anxiety", Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(2), pp.190~195 (1995)
- Arnett, J. J, "Emerging adulthood : A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties", American Psychologist, 55(5), pp.469~480 (2000)
- Arnett, J. J., "The development context of substance use in emerging adulthood", Journal of Drug Use, 35(2), pp.235~253 (2005)
- Arnett, J. J., "The new life stage of emerging adulthood at ages 18-29 years : Implications for mental health", The Lancet Psychiatry, 1(7), pp.569~576 (2014)
- A-Tjak, J. G., "Explicit and implicit attachment and the outcomes of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for depression", BMC Psychiatry, 20, pp.1~11 (2020)
- Bartholomew, K., "Attachment styles among young adults : A test of a four-category model", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), pp.226~ (1991)
- Beck, A. T., "Beck depression inventory" (1996), The Psychological Corporation
- Besser, A., "The apple does not fall far from the tree : Attachment styles and personality vulnerabilities to depression in three generations of women", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(8), pp.1052~1073 (2005)
- Blatt, S. J., "Levels of object representation in anaclitic and introjective depression", The Psychoanalytic Study of The Child, 29(1), pp.107~157 (1974)
- Blatt, S. J., "Experiences of depression in normal young adults", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85(4), pp.383~389 (1976)
- Blatt, S. J., "Parent-child interaction in the etiology of dependent and self-critical depression", Clinical Psychology Review, 12(1), pp.47~91 (1992)
- Bowlby, J., "Attachment and loss:Volume II: Separation, anxiety and anger" (1973), The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis
- Bowlby, J., "A secure base : Parent-child attachment and healthy human development" (1988), Basic Books
- Burton, E., "A prospective test of the stress-buffering model of depression in adolescent girls : no support once again", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(4), pp.689~697 (2004)
- Cantazaro, A., "Adult attachment, dependence, self-criticism, and depressive symptoms : A test of a mediational model", Journal of Personality, 78(4), pp.1135~1162 (2010)
- Carnelley, K. B., "Depression, working models of others, and relationship functioning", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(1), pp.127~140 (1994)
- Cohen, S., "Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis", Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), pp.310~357 (1985)
- Collins, N. L., "Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(4), pp.644~663 (1990)
- Dagnino, P., "Depression and attachment: How do personality styles and social support influence this relation?", Research in Psychotherapy:Psychopathology, Process, and Outcome, 20(1), pp.53~62 (2017)
- Dalton III, W. T., "Young adults'retrospective reports of parenting by mothers and fathers : Associations with current relationship quality", The Journal of General Psychology, 133(1), pp.5~18 (2006)
- Fraley, R. C., "The experiences in close relationships-Relationship Structures Questionnaire : A method for assessing attachment orientations across relationships", Psychological Assessment, 23(3), pp.615~625 (2011)
- Fraley, R. C., "An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment", Journal of Personality and Social psychology, 78(2), pp.350~365 (2000)
- Gilbert, P., "Genes on the couch: Explorations in evolutionary psychotherapy" (2014), Routledge
- Gilbert, P., "Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self‐criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach", Clinical Psychology &Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 13(6), pp.353~379 (2006)
- Gunlicks-Stoessel, M., "The role of attachment style in interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents", Psychotherapy Research, 29(1), pp.78~85 (2019)
- Hankin, B. L., "Adult attachment dimensions and specificity of emotional distress symptoms : Prospective investigations of cognitive risk and interpersonal stress generation as mediating mechanisms", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(1), pp.136~151 (2005)
- Hayes, A. F., "Introduction to mediation : A regression-based approach" (2013), Guilford press
- Hebert, J. R., "Social desirability bias in dietary self-report may compromise the validity of dietary intake measures", International Journal of Epidemiology, 24(2), pp.389~398 (1995)
- Holmes, J., "John Bowlby and attachment theory" (2014), Routledge
- Katz, J., "A retrospective study of daughters' emotional role reversal with parents, attachment anxiety, excessive reassurance-seeking, and depressive symptoms", The American Journal of Family Therapy, 37(3), pp.185~195 (2009)
- Kelley, M. L., "Retrospective reports of parenting received in their families of origin : Relationships to adult attachment in adult children of alcoholics", Addictive Behaviors, 30(8), pp.1479~1495 (2005)
- Kelly, A. C., "Soothing oneself and resisting self-attacks : The treatment of two intrapersonal deficits in depression vulnerability", Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33(3), pp.301~313 (2009)
- Leaviss, J., "Psychotherapeutic benefits of compassion-focused therapy : An early systematic review", Psychological Medicine, 45(5), pp.927~945 (2015)
- Lee, A., "Insecure attachment, dysfunctional attitudes, and low self-esteem predicting prospective symptoms of depression and anxiety during adolescence", Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 38(2), pp.219~231 (2009)
- Main, M., "Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation", Monographs of The Society for Research in Child Development, 50(1, pp.2) (1985), 66~104
- McBride, C., "Depressive Experiences Questionnaire : Does it measure maladaptive and adaptive forms of dependency?", Social Behavior and Personality : An International Journal, 34(1), pp.1~16 (2006)
- McCormick, C. B., "Father-child separation, retrospective and current views of attachment relationship with father, and self-esteem in late adolescence", Psychological Reports, 86(3), pp.827~834 (2000)
- Mikulincer, M., "Adult attachment style and affect regulation : Strategic variations in self-appraisals", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(2), pp.420~435 (1998)
- Mikulincer, M., "Attachment-related strategies during thought suppression : ironic rebounds and vulnerable selfrepresentations", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(6), pp.940~956 (2004)
- Miranda, R., "Perceived discrimination, ruminative subtypes, and risk for depressive symptoms in emerging adulthood", Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 19(4), pp.395~403 (2013)
- Mongrain, M., "Immature dependence and self-criticism predict the recurrence of major depression", Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(6), pp.705~713 (2006)
- Pettit, J. W., "Developmental relations between perceived social support and depressive symptoms through emerging adulthood : Blood is thicker than water", Journal of Family Psychology, 25(1), pp.127~136 (2011)
- Rector, N. A., "Selfcriticism and dependency in depressed patients treated with cognitive therapy or pharmacotherapy", Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24(5), pp.571~584 (2000)
- Reis, S., "Pathways to anaclitic and introjective depression", Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 75(4), pp.445~459 (2002)
- Riggs, S. A., "Predictors of anxiety and depression in emerging adulthood", Journal of Adult Development, 16(1), pp.39~52 (2009)
- Schulenberg, J. E., "The transition to adulthood as a critical juncture in the course of psychopathology and mental health", Development and Psychopathology, 16(4), pp.799~806 (2004)
- Serra, W., "Mummy, daddy, and addiction : Implicit insecure attachment is associated with substance use in college students", Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 27(6), pp.522~529 (2019)
- Shaver, P. R., "Attachment style, excessive reassurance seeking, relationship processes, and depression", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(3), pp.343~359 (2005)
- Simpson, J. A., "Attachment theory and research: New directions and emerging themes" (2015), Guilford Publications
- Stein, J. A., "Stability and change in personality : A longitudinal study from early adolescence to young adulthood", Journal of Research in Personality, 20(3), pp.276~291 (1986)
- Viner, J., "Psychiatric disorders in emerging adulthood", Yellowbrick Journal of Emerging Adulthood, 1(1), pp.6~7 (2009)
- Wei, M., "Adult attachment, depressive symptoms, and validation from self versus others", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(3), pp.368~377 (2005)
- Whiffen, V. E., "Attachment beliefs and interpersonal contexts associated with dependency and self-criticism", Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19(2), pp.184~205 (2000)
- Wood, D., "Handbook of Life Course Health Development", pp.123~143 (2018), Springer International Publishing
- Zhu, W., "Adult attachment, perceived social support, cultural orientation, and depressive symptoms : A moderated mediation model", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(6), pp.645~655 (2016)
- Zuroff, D. C., "Depressive personality styles : Implications for adult attachment", Personality and Individual Differences, 18(2), pp.253~265 (1995)
- Zuroff, D. C., "Dysfunctional attitudes, dependency, and self-criticism as predictors of depressive mood states : A 12-month longitudinal study", Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(3), pp.315~326 (1990)
- Zuroff, D. C., "Psychometric properties of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire in a college population", Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(1-2), pp.65~72 (1990)
