코로나19 팬데믹에서의 아동 적응: 부모의 정서 및 양육 방식을 중심으로
Children’s Adjustment in During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focusing on Parents’ Emotional States and Parenting Practices
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초록
본 연구는 코로나19 팬데믹으로 인한 부모의 정서 상태 및 양육 방식이 아동의 적응에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보기 위해 실시되었다. 품행 문제와 같은 아동의 부정적 적응 상태, 계획된 일과에 맞추어 생활하는 것과 같은 아동의 긍정적 적응 상태, 코로나19로 인한 부모의 스트레스, 불안과 우울, 양육 고통, 코로나19 상황에서의 구체적 양육 방식과 같은 부모 관련 변인이 측정되었다. 자료는 코로나19 대유행으로 인해 고강도 사회적 거리두기가 시행되던 2021년 1월부터 4월까지의 기간 동안 수집되었으며, 아동의 부모가 자기보고 질문지에 응답하였다. 연구 결과, 코로나19 상황에서의 아동의 긍정적 적응은 코로나19로 인한 부모의 스트레스, 불안과 우울, 양육 고통, 양육 방식의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 부모의 양육 방식 중에서도 초점적, 체계적 양육이 특히 아동의 긍정적 적응과 관련이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과는 코로나19 확산과 같은 재난에서 아동의 안녕감을 촉진하기 위한 프로그램 및 지침에 시사점을 제공할 수 있다. 마지막으로 연구의 한계점 및 후속 연구 방향에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of parents’ emotional states and parenting practices on children’s adjustment during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Children’s negative outcomes (e.g., conduct problems) and positive outcomes (e.g., routine maintenance) and parent-related variables (e.g., perceived distress resulting from the COVID-19 crisis, anxiety, depression, parenting distress, and specific parenting practices) were measured. Participants (n=501) completed an online questionnaire between January and April 2021, during the most restrictive period of social distancing established by the Korean Government. The results indicated that perceived distress resulting from the COVID-19 crisis, anxiety, depression, parenting distress, and specific parenting practices affected children’s positive outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, focused and structured parenting was specifically related to children's positive adjustment. The findings of this study may have implications for policies and programs that support children's well-being in the COVID-19 pandemic and other health-related crises. Limitations and suggestions for further studies are also discussed.
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