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가정의 사회경제적 지위와 부모-자녀 간 상호작용이 아동들의 언어능력 및 집행기능에 미치는 영향

SES vs parent-child interaction: What predicts language skills and executive function?

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초록

본 연구는 가정의 사회경제적지위(SES)와 부모-자녀 간 상호작용이 학령전기 수용 및 표현어휘력과 학령기 어휘적용력, 언어유추력, 집행기능을 유의하게 예측하는지 검토하였다. 본 연구에서는 한국아동패널에서 공개한 6차년도(2013년, T1) 및 9차년도(2016년, T2) 데이터를 사용하였으며, 6차년도 당시 만 5세였던 아동 318명의 데이터를 2개 시점에서 분석하였다. 월평균 가구 소득 및 부/모의 최종학력 데이터로 SES를 산출하였으며, 부모-자녀 상호작용, 수용・표현어휘력 검사, 다요인 지능검사의 어휘적용력과 언어유추력, 그리고 집행기능곤란 데이터를 분석의 대상으로 하였다. SES, 부모-자녀 간 상호작용을 예측변인으로 한 위계적 중다회귀분석 결과, T1에서 수용어휘력은 SES와 부모-자녀 간 상호작용 모두 유의한 설명력을 갖지 못하였으며, 표현어휘력은 두 변인 모두 유의한 설명 변인인 것으로 나타났다. T2에서 언어유추력은 SES와 부모-자녀 간 상호작용 모두 유의한 설명력을 가졌으나, 어휘적용력과 집행기능은 SES만이 유의한 설명 변인이었다. 본 연구는 부모-자녀 간 상호작용이 아동들의 일부 언어능력에 대해 SES 외에 추가적인 설명력을 가짐을 확인하였으며, 이러한 결과는 SES가 낮은 가정에서 풍부한 부모-자녀 상호작용이 언어능력의 격차를 해소하는 데에 도움을 줄 수 있음을 시사한다.

Abstract

This cross-sectional, longitudinal study aimed to investigate the predictive effects of SES and parent-child interaction on children's language skills and executive function. We analyzed the data of 318 children (M=62.28 months, SD=1.22) from 2013 (T1) and 2016 (T2) from Panel Study of Korean Children (PSKC). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the effects of the predictor variables on vocabulary scores at T1, and word application, verbal reasoning, and executive function at T2. Results revealed that SES and parent-child interaction were significant predictors of expressive but not receptive vocabulary at T1. Only SES predicted word application and executive function at T2, but both variables predicted verbal reasoning. This study revealed parent-child interaction’s essential factor along with SES predicting children's language skills and executive function. Hence, rich parent-child interaction in low-SES homes could aid in bridging the gap brought on by SES.

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