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중년기의 사회적 관계와 신체적 및 심리적 건강: 다차원적 프로파일 기반 접근

Social Relationships and Physical and Mental Health in Midlife: A Multidimensional Profile-Based Approach

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주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 사회적 관계의 다차원적 측면을 반영하는 여러 지표들을 바탕으로 중년기 성인의 사회적 관계 유형을 도출하고, 개인이 속한 사회적 관계 유형이 신체적․심리적 건강에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 중년기 성인 남녀 555명을 대상으로 사회적 관계에 대한 구조적, 기능적, 질적 지표와 신체적 건강, 우울 증상, 긍정 및 부정 정서를 측정하였다. 상관분석 결과, 사회적 관계의 구조적, 기능적, 질적 지표들은 신체적 건강 및 긍정 정서와 정적 상관을 보이고, 우울 증상 및 부정 정서와 부적 상관을 보였다. 잠재프로파일분석(LPA) 결과, 중년기 성인의 사회적 관계는 다양한 관계, 가족 중심 관계, 친구 중심 관계, 제한된 관계의 네 가지 유형으로 구분되었으며, 개인이 속한 사회적 관계 유형에 따라 신체적․심리적 건강은 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 회귀분석 결과 제한된 관계 유형에 속한 개인에 비해 다양한 관계, 가족 중심, 친구 중심 관계 유형에 속한 개인이 더 높은 수준의 신체적 건강과 높은 긍정 정서를 보고했다. 또한, 제한된 관계 유형에 속한 개인에 비해 다양한 관계와 가족 중심 관계 유형에 속한 개인은 낮은 우울 증상과 덜 빈번한 부정 정서를 보고했다. 연구 결과는 사회적 관계의 양적 측면과 질적 측면 모두 개인의 신체적․심리적 건강에 중요한 영향을 미치며, 개인이 속한 사회적 관계를 검증하는 데 있어 다차원적 접근 방식이 유용할 수 있음을 강조한다.

Abstract

Individuals’ social relationships are characterized by multidimensional aspects of structure, function, and quality, and different constellations of such relationship features can have an important influence on health. This study identified middle-aged adults’ social relationship types based on extensive sets of structural, functional, and qualitative relationship features. We then examined their associations with physical and mental health outcomes. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) results using 555 middle-aged adults identified four social relationship types: diverse, family-oriented, friend-oriented, and restricted. Regression results suggested that an individual's social relationship type membership was significantly associated with one's physical and mental health outcomes. Specifically, compared to being in the restricted relationship type, being in the diverse, family-oriented, and friend-oriented network types was associated with higher levels of physical health and positive emotions. Further, compared to being in the restricted relationship type, being in the diverse and family-oriented relationship type was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms and negative emotions. The results suggest that both quantitative and qualitative features of social relationships can have important implications on individuals’ physical and mental health. The findings underscore the utility of the multidimensional approach in deriving and characterizing individuals’ social relationships.

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