다차원적 사회적 고립이 신체적・정신적 건강에 미치는 효과: 연령집단의 상호작용효과 분석
The Effects of Multidimensional Social Isolation on Physical and Mental Health: Analysis of Interaction Effects of Age Groups
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다차원적 사회적 고립은 신체적・정신적 건강의 위험요인으로 지적되어 왔다. 사회적 고립과 건강과의 관계에 대한 핵심 논의는 크게 두 가지로 정리할 수 있다. 첫째는 객관적・주관적 사회적 고립이 신체적・정신적 건강에 영향을 미치는 다양한 경로들의 역동성과 관련한 논쟁이 존재하고, 두 번째는사회적 고립과 건강과의 관계에서 연령집단이 과연 선형적인 관계인가 또는 비선형적인 관계를 나타내는가와 관련한 논쟁이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 공분산을 설정한 상호작용모형을 활용하여 선행연구들에서 논의하고 있는 객관적・주관적 사회적 고립이 신체적・정신적 건강에 영향을 미치는 다양한 경로를 주효과 분석을 통해 검증하고, 아울러 이질적인 연령집단에 따른 관계를 상호작용효과를 중심으로 검증하였다. 분석자료는 다차원적인 사회적 고립 개념의 특성을 충실히 반영한 KSHAP 1차년도 자료를 활용하였다. 경로모형 분석결과를 정리하자면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 객관적 사회적 고립 수준이 높아질수록 신체적・정신적 건강에 부정적 영향을 미치는 주효과가 유의한 반면, 주관적사회적 고립은 정신적 건강에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 주효과만이 유의하게 나타났다. 둘째, 사회적고립과 이질적인 연령집단과의 상호작용효과는 신체적 건강에 대해서 유의하게 나타났다. 구체적으로 객관적 사회적 고립의 수준이 높아질수록 장년층에 비해 전기노인의 경우 신체적 건강의 기울기는 부적으로 보다 낮아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 주관적 사회적 고립의 수준이 높아질수록 장년층에비해 후기노인의 신체적 건강의 기울기는 부적으로 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 연령집단에 따라다차원적 사회적 고립과 신체적 건강과의 관계의 양상은 다르게 나타났다. 본 연구결과에 기초하여신체적・정신적 건강의 위험요인에 해당하는 객관적 사회적 고립과 주관적 사회적 고립의 수준을 낮추기 위한 정책적 시사점에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
Along with the well-established evidence on the negative effect of social isolation on physical and mental health, increasing attention has been paid to multi-dimensional nature of social isolation. One line of study on social isolation has discussed different pathways between objective and subjective social isolation and health. Another stream of the research focused on the possibly non-linear association between social isolation and health by age cohort groups. Drawing from the two lines of research, this study aimed at empirically examine to what extent objective and subjective social isolation are associated with physical and mental health independently and how the associations vary by three age cohorts(i.e. the middleaged, the young old, the old-old). Data came from the first wave of Korean Social Life, Health and Aging Project (KSHAP) (N= 814). Findings showed 1) objective subjective isolation were significantly related with worse physical and mental health, interestingly, subjective social isolation was associated with mental health only, 2) pattern of association between social isolation and physical health varied by age cohorts. Specifically, compared to the middle-aged, the young old with higher objective social isolation exhibited lower level of physical health, while the old-old with higher subjective social isolation were likely to experience lower physical health. Based on the findings, we discussed implications and suggestions for future research and relevant policy/program development for ameliorating objective and subjective social isolation
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