어머니의 산전 및 산후 우울이 양육에 미치는 종단적 영향: 아버지 양육 참여의 조절 효과 분석
Maternal Antenatal and Postpartum Depression: Longitudinal Effects on Parenting and the Moderation Role of Fathers’ Involvement
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초록
본 연구는 어머니의 산전 및 산후 우울이 양육 스트레스, 양육 효능감, 수용적 양육 행동에 미치는 종단적 영향을 알아보았다. 또한 어머니의 우울과 양육 변인들 간의 관계를 조절하는 아버지 양육 참여의 영향을 검증하였다. 연구 대상은 아동발달프로젝트에 참여한 수도권 양부모 가정 중에서, 세 번의 평가에 모두 참여한 98쌍의 어머니와 아버지였다. 임신 6개월과 출산 후 4개월, 그리고 10개월에 어머니를 대상으로 설문 및 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 어머니의 산전 우울은 출산 후 어머니의 양육 스트레스를 높이고 효능감을 저해하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 산후 우울은 양육 스트레스나 효능감에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 어머니의 수용적 양육 행동에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 출산 후 아버지의 양육 참여가 높은 조건에서는 어머니의 산전 우울이 양육 스트레스에 미치는 영향이 유의하지 않았다. 이처럼 아버지의 양육 참여는 어머니의 산전 우울의 부적 영향을 조절함으로써 긍극적으로 양육 스트레스를 감소시킬 수 있는 보호 요인의 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
This study examined the longitudinal influence of mothers’ antenatal and postnatal depression, and the moderation effect of fathers’ involvement in child rearing. Participants comprised 98 mothers and fathers residing in metropolitan areas. At the sixth month of pregnancy, mothers reported their levels of antenatal depression. Levels of postpartum depression and fathers’ involvement were subsequently reported at four months after birth. Additionally, mothers provided ratings for parenting stress, self-efficacy and parental acceptance at ten months after birth. The findings indicated mothers’ antenatal depression significantly predicted their postpartum depression. Furthermore, these early depressive symptoms in mothers predicted subsequent parenting variables. However, the influence of mothers’ antenatal depression on parenting stress lost its significance when fathers’ involvement was high. Thus, fathers’ involvement appeared to act as a protective factor. This suggests that fathers’ active engagement in child rearing can serve as an intervention and prevention for mothers’ mental health.
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