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Black Womanhood and (Un)Silenced Voices in Margaret Walker’s Jubilee

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Voices and expressions of black women during the nineteenth century were almost invisible in past literary criticism, despite the paradoxical critical attention given to slave narratives. The relatively neglected Margaret Walker’s Jubilee (1966) depicts black women’s aspirations for freedom, strong will to survive, and keen insights into history underneath white perceptions of slavery and reactions after the American Civil War in the South. In comparison to most other Civil War fictions written closer to the period itself, Walker’s book covers the full nineteenth century history, especially on the antebellum period, the Civil War, and Reconstruction. Walker discloses buried forms of oral history especially with unwritten and hitherto unspoken culture of female slaves, which contradicts stereotypes of their inferior images in the American South. I suggest that events witnessed by, and spiritual music performed by black women in the book, are significant historical evidences.

Abstract

Voices and expressions of black women during the nineteenth century were almost invisible in past literary criticism, despite the paradoxical critical attention given to slave narratives. The relatively neglected Margaret Walker’s Jubilee (1966) depicts black women’s aspirations for freedom, strong will to survive, and keen insights into history underneath white perceptions of slavery and reactions after the American Civil War in the South. In comparison to most other Civil War fictions written closer to the period itself, Walker’s book covers the full nineteenth century history, especially on the antebellum period, the Civil War, and Reconstruction. Walker discloses buried forms of oral history especially with unwritten and hitherto unspoken culture of female slaves, which contradicts stereotypes of their inferior images in the American South. I suggest that events witnessed by, and spiritual music performed by black women in the book, are significant historical evidences.

참고문헌 (22)

  1. Carmichael, Jacqueline Miller, "Trumpeting a Fiery Sound: History and Folklore in Margaret Walker’s Jubilee" (1998), U of Georgia P
  2. Clinton, Catherine, "The Plantation Mistress: Woman’s World in the Old South" (1982), Pantheon
  3. Collins, Ace, "Stories behind the Traditions and Songs of Easter" (2007), Zondervan
  4. Davis, Amanda J., "Shatterings: Violent Disruptions of Homeplace in Jubilee and the Street", Melus, 30(4), pp.25~51 (2005)
  5. Downs, Jim, "Battle Scars: Gender and Sexuality in the American Civil War", pp.78~103 (2006), Oxford UP
  6. Du Bois, W. E. B., "Black Reconstruction in America, 1860-1880" (1998), The Free
  7. Foner, Eric, "Forever Free: The Story of Emancipation & Reconstruction" (2006), Vintage
  8. Foner, Eric, "Politics and Ideology in the Age of the Civil War" (1980), Oxford UP
  9. Foner, Eric, "Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution 1863-1877" (2002), HarperCollins
  10. Fredrickson, George M., "The Black Image in the White Mind: The Debate on Afro-American Character and Destiny, 1817-1914" (1987), Wesleyan UP
  11. Ginsberg, Leslie, "American Gothic: New Interventions in a National Narrative", pp.99~128 (1998), UP of Iowa
  12. Goddu, Teresa A., "Gothic America: Narrative, History and Nation" (1997), Columbia UP
  13. Goodman, Charlotte, "Fields Watered with Blood: Critical Essays on Margaret Walker", pp.231~240 (2014), U of Georgia P
  14. Levine, Lawrence W., "Black Culture and Black Consciousness: Afro-American Folk Thought from Slavery to Freedom" (2007), Oxford UP
  15. Morrison, Toni, "Inventing the Truth: The Art and Craft of Memoir", pp.83~102 (1995), Houghton Mifflin
  16. Sharpe, Jenny, "Ghosts of Slavery: A Literary Archaeology of Black Women’s Lives" (2003), U of Minnesota P
  17. Southern, Eileen, "The Music of Black Americans: A History" (1997), Norton
  18. Traylor, Eleanor, "Fields Watered with Blood: Critical Essays on Margaret Walker", pp.195~208 (2014), U of Georgia P
  19. Walker, Margaret, "How I Wrote Jubilee and Other Essays on Life and Literature" (1990), The Feminist
  20. Walker, Margaret, "Jubilee" (1999), Houghton Mifflin
  21. Walker, Melissa, "Fields Watered with Blood:Critical Essays on Margaret Walker", pp.55~65 (2014), U of Georgia P
  22. Young, Elizabeth, "Disarming the Nation: Women’s Writing and the American Civil War" (1999), U of Chicago P

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