Masculinity, Domesticity, and the Representation of African American Female Experience in Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and Toni Morrison’s Beloved
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This essay explores a womanist lineage, a race- and class-specific feminist continuum in African American culture, represented in Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and Toni Morrison’s Beloved, especially in regard to the negotiation of masculinity and domesticity, black matriarchy, and the absence of a husband figure. Set in an era where patriarchal heterosexualism served as a political doctrine for the solidarity of the African American community, Incidents and Beloved depict how the black female protagonists place themselves at the intersection of masculine resistance and domestic motherhood; they reject the Victorian gender roles prevalent in the nineteenth century, yet simultaneously accept their maternal places in the domestic sphere. Throughout such strategic revisions of selfhood, in which the black female body is inscribed in the negotiation of two registers―political masculinity and revised womanhood―Jacobs and Morrison establish the slave narrative as a location for the critique of black patriarchy and the exploration, uncovering, and reorganization of the African American female experience.
Abstract
This essay explores a womanist lineage, a race- and class-specific feminist continuum in African American culture, represented in Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and Toni Morrison’s Beloved, especially in regard to the negotiation of masculinity and domesticity, black matriarchy, and the absence of a husband figure. Set in an era where patriarchal heterosexualism served as a political doctrine for the solidarity of the African American community, Incidents and Beloved depict how the black female protagonists place themselves at the intersection of masculine resistance and domestic motherhood; they reject the Victorian gender roles prevalent in the nineteenth century, yet simultaneously accept their maternal places in the domestic sphere. Throughout such strategic revisions of selfhood, in which the black female body is inscribed in the negotiation of two registers―political masculinity and revised womanhood―Jacobs and Morrison establish the slave narrative as a location for the critique of black patriarchy and the exploration, uncovering, and reorganization of the African American female experience.
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