『복음의 기쁨』에 드러난 교회론적 전망
Ecclesiological Perspectives of 『The Joy of the Gospel』
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일반적으로 교회론은 교회에 대한 체계적인 이해다. 전통적으로 교회론은 친교, 성사, 신비 등의 신학적 개념을 통해 교회의 이상적인 모습을 서술하는 방식, 즉 교회는 이러이러해야 한다는 규범적이고 사변적인 방식으로 전개되어 왔다. 하지만 역사의식과 해석학적 방식을 강조하는 현대 신학의 흐름은 교회론에도 깊은 영향을 미쳤다. 현대 신학자들은 이상화된 개념적 실재로서의 교회에 대한 신학적 성찰과 경험적 실재로서의 현실 교회의 모습 간의 괴리를 주목한다. 교회의 종말론적 본성과 선교적 본성에 대한 현대 신학자들의 자각과 강조는 교회론을 전개함에 있어서 방법론적 다양성을 초래했고, 교회와 세상의 관계에 초점을 맞추는 경향을 낳았다. 또한 구체적이고 가시적인 교회에 대한 강조는 교회를 이해하기 위해 역사·사회학적 방법을 차용하는 경향을 가져왔다. 제2차 바티칸 공의회 문헌들, 특히 「교회헌장」의 교회론적 전망들을 계승하면서 동시에 현대 교회론의 비판적 성찰들을 포용하고 있는, 『복음의 기쁨』은 교회론적 전환을 요청하고 교회를 이해하는 방식의 쇄신을 제시한다. 『복음의 기쁨』은 교회의 선교 사명을 저해하는 교회 구조들의 개혁과, 선교와 사목의 관점에서 교회 직무들의 재해석을 요청한다. 『복음의 기쁨』은 교회가 더욱 가난한 이들을 위한 가난한 교회, 자비의 교회가 되기를 권고한다.
Abstract
A typical ecclesiology seeks a systematic understanding of the Church, one that integrates its diverse aspects within a single comprehensive framework. It tends to be normative, spelling out how the Church should be. It is primarily speculative and systematic. It provides inspiring but idealized models of the Church based on profound theological categories of communion, sacrament, and mystery. Various postmodern theologies have made a profound impact on doing ecclesiology. Today, historical consciousness and hermeneutical principles are of central importance to any ecclesiological undertaking. Theologians pay attention to the distinction between the history of the Church and the history of reflection on the Church, and to the relationship between theological statements about the Church and the empirical reality of the Church. They focus on the discrepancy between the idealized form and the historical facts. The awareness of the Church as a pilgrim people moving towards the final consummation has led to a new awareness of the Church’s mission. The awareness that the Church is by nature a missional church has brought about consideration for a wide variety of ecclesiological methodologies and priorities concerned with the church-world relationship. Contemporary theologians, who believe that ecclesiology should be an ecclesiology of the concrete and visible church, consider the social and historical situation within which the Church exists as crucial for understanding its full reality. Therefore, in their doing ecclesiology, historical and social analyses are employed to analyze the Church itself. They believe that ecclesiology must engage with the social sciences. The ecclesiological perspectives of 『The Joy of the Gospel』, Pope Francis’ Apostolic Exhortation, draws from the ecclesiological visions of 「Dogmatic Constitution on the Church」 (Lumen Gentium), which did not provide a standard ecclesiology, but it did offer a decisive new orientation for Catholic reflections on the Church. 『The Joy of the Gospel』, which embraces postmodern ecclesiologies’ critical reflections on traditional ecclesiologies, asks ecclesial conversion and suggests the renewal of the way of understanding the Church. Futhermore, it asks the reform of ecclesial structures which can hamper efforts at evangelization and the reinterpretation of ministry and office from the perspective of mission and pastoral. It challenges the Church to be more pastoral and mission-oriented. It exhorts the whole Church to become a poor Church for the poor and the Church of mercy.
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