유아교육기관의 관리적 리더십, 교수지도 리더십, 변형적 리더십 실제에 대한 교사의 인식 조사 연구
A Survey of Managerial, Instructional, and Transformational Leadership in Early Childhood Organizations in Korea : Focusing on Teacher's Perception to Director's Leadership Practice
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지금까지의 유아교육 리더십 연구는 단 하나의 리더십 모형이나 이론에 바탕하여 원장과 교사의 개인 변인들 및 기관 변인들 간의 관계와 리더십 실제에 대한 원장이나 교사의 인식를 조사한 연구가 대부분이었다. 따라서 본 연구는 기관 조직 문화와 리더십 실제의 복합성에 대한 최근의 학문적 관심을 반영하여 관리적 리더십, 교수지도 리더십, 변형적 리더십의 세 모형을 토대로 부산지역에 소재한 영유아보육 및 유아교육기관 원장의 리더십 실제에 대한 교사들의 인식을 조사하였다. 설문에 응한 360명의 설문 조사 자료를 SPSS 프로그램으로 통계 처리한 결과, 비록 세 가지 리더십 실제에 대한 교사들의 반응은 ‘자주 그렇다’로 비슷한 수준으로 나타났으나 교사의 개인변인과 기관변인들에 따라 교사들의 인식은 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 대표적으로 10년 이상의 교사 경력을 가진 교사와 사립 혹은 민간 시설에 종사하는 교사들의 경우, 원장의 리더십 실제에 대한 상대적으로 높은 인식을 보여주었다. 그리고 세 가지 리더십 모형의 하위 요인들 간의 상관관계 분석 결과, 높은 수준의 정적 상관관계가 하위 요인들 간에 존재함이 증명되었는데, 이는 특정한 한 리더십의 실제가 기관 운영의 특정한 측면에만 그 영향력을 발휘한 다기보다는, 각각의 리더십 실제가 전반적인 기관 개선과 기능에 상호 복합적인 영향력을 미치고 있음을 방증한다.
Abstract
The major strand of early childhood leadership study has been rooted in organizational effect of monolithic leadership model. Along with growing attention to the complexity embedded in organizational leadership practice, this study is to identify the organizational complexity of ECE organization through examining directors' practices of three leadership models perceived by ECE teachers By analyzing 360 teachers' responses on questionnaires with SPSS program, it was found that although the three leadership practices were perceived as occurring at similar level, 'fairly often', teacher's individual variables and organizational variables drew significantly different responses to directors' leadership practices. Teachers having more than 10 years of experience or working in private sector marked higher scores. Correlation analysis of the sub elements of the three leadership model proved that high and positive correlational relationships are existing among those elements. It is likelihood that each leadership model of practice tends not to make a single effect on ceratin aspect of organizational functioning alone, rather they are making impacts against each other to enable entire organizational improvement.
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