문화 텍스트로서의 『밤으로의 긴 여정』
Long Day’s Journey into Night as a Culture Text
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이 논문은 미국 연극의 아버지로 불리는 유진 오닐(Eugene O’Neill)의 『밤으로의 긴 여정』의 우수성을 문화 텍스트의 관점에서 고찰한 논문이다. 문화는 삶의 방식이기 때문에 극에 등장하는 인물들의 갈등의 근본 원인을 해명할 수 있는 장치가 문화의 관점이라고 할 수 있다. 삶의 방식을 생활방식, 행동양식과 가치관의 관점에서 이 극을 분석해 봄으로써 지금까지 극의 갈등 원인에 대해 피상적으로 접근하거나 포괄적으로 접근하여 해명되지 않았던 점을 밝혀주고 있는 논문이다. 가족이라는 끈에 의해 애증공존의 감정(ambivalence)으로 똘똘 뭉쳐진 이러지도 저러지도 못하는 타이론 집안사람들의 인간관계를 통해 가족이라는 틀을 통해 갈등을 일으키고 있는 인간의 삶에 대한 보편성이 제시된다. 결국 이 극을 통해 문화의 차이에 대한 이해를 통해 인간의 삶에 있어서 갈등의 요소를 줄여서 올바른 삶의 모습을 추구해야 한다는 점을 재확인시켜주고 있다.
Abstract
Long Day’s Journey into Night is one of Eugene O’Neill's famous plays. This play is simple in form. There is almost nothing that can be called a plot, only a series of incidents which prompt the characters to dig or retreat into their pasts. Much of the force of the play derives from the sense that artifice has been abandoned in favor of the naked truth. Throughout the play, the present and the past come together in search for the cause of the present misery. In a way, the main character of the play is the family itself. The Tyrone family is intertwined by anger and defensiveness, bitter accusations and counteraccusations by ambivalence, so they cannot escape from their family. The central addictive figure within the family is Mary Tyrone. One of the most controversial critical comments about much of Eugene O’Neill's drama is centered around the cause of the Tyrones' conflicts. This paper argues that their cause is connected with culture as a way of life. If the play is considered as a culture text, it can be analyzed according to artifacts, behaviors, and concepts which constitute a value system. Viewed from such a cultural point of view, the behavior of the Tyrone family can be regarded as typical. What the Tyrones suffer has universal significance, and Eugene O’Neill dramatizes his vision of life through the Tyrone family.
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