홀로코스트 구조자 연구의 전개와 교육적 효용
Development of the Holocaust-Rescuers’ Study and Its Educational Implications
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이 글은 홀로코스트 연구에서 구조자 문제가 하나의 독립 주제로 성장해 온 과정을 파악하고, 그 연구가 갖는 사회-교육적 효과를 제시한다. 이를 위해 이 글에서는 세 가지 점을 파악하는 데 주력하였다. 첫째, 구조자 연구에서 주축을 이루어온 심리-사회적 접근의 성과와 현안을 파악하고, 그 한계를 극복하기 위한 시도들을 정리하였다. 둘째, 홀로코스트 시기에 구조 활동에 참여했던 사람들이 이차대전 이후 서구 세계에서 어떻게 공인되고 국가적으로 기념되어 왔는지를 살펴보았다. 셋째, 이러한 공적 관심이 후속 세대들의 기억 창출을 위해 교육 부문에서 결실을 맺은 사례를 검토함으로써, 교육자산으로서 홀로코스트 구조자들의 의미를 확인하였다. 홀로코스트의 다른 주제들에 비해, 구조자 연구는 정치적 논쟁에서 상대적으로 자유로우면서도 교육적 효과는 매우 큰 편이다. 역사적 경험에 기반을 둔 구조 연구가 교육에 통합되면, 훨씬 더 다양한 역할모델들을 제공해줄 수 있기 때문이다. 홀로코스트의 구조자들은 대부분 평범한 사람들이었기에 그만큼 더 동일화가 수월한 역할모델로 수용될 수 있다. 또한 구조자들의 행동은 대부분의 사람들이 동의하거나 방조했던 유대인 학살의 길 외에 실행 가능한 대안이 있었다는 사실을 입증해주기에 정치적 기념과 사회적 교육에 전망을 제공해줄 수 있다.
Abstract
The paper is to apprehend the development of the study of Holocaust-rescuers in the last two generations and to make clear of its educational effect on the society. It consists of three parts. First, it tries to grasp the accomplishments and main issues of the psycho-social study on rescuers during the Holocaust and to examine various attempts to overcome the limitations of the psychological analysis. Second, it reviews how the Holocaust-rescuers have been commemorated as the righteous in public sphere. Third, it analyses educational implications of the Holocaust-rescuers by examining the case of Chiune Sugihara, a Japanese diplomat. In comparison to other issues of the Holocaust, the one regarding rescuers is relatively free from political controversies, while it has a much greater educational use. Historical research on the rescuers can provide the younger generations with useful role-models. Holocaust-helpers were mostly ordinary people and can be easily accepted as role-models by learners. Moreover, they show a feasible alternative to mass-murders under the Nazi system and thereby could offer a future-oriented perspective to the nation regarding public commemoration and education.
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