胡瑗의 『周易口義』가 伊川 『易傳』에 준 영향

Abstract

In the early Song Dynasty following five kings of the end of Ting Dynasty the development of society･economy triggered the opening of the door of thought and the prosperity of culture, and the government promoted social stability and the establishment of the order through the civil-minister centralism. But owing to the prosperity of Buddhism and Taoism Confucianism didn’t construct still its foundation, and many government officials who accomplish the institutional reform were not fostered at schools, depending only on the civil service examination. Notwithstanding this environment, the Confucian scholars of the early Song Dynasty newly launched SongXue(宋學). In the SongXue as Learning of Righteousness & Principle, ZhouYi(周易) where humanistic reason is well expressed together with the Four Books was respected. In the position of YiLiXue(learning of righteousness, 義理學) which emphasized the human relations the scholar who set up ‘Yi’ newly is HuYuan(胡瑗). HuYuan established his own theory about ‘Yi’. He also enhanced the spirit of the scriptures and compiled his explanations, which is ZhouYiKouYi(周易口義). Out of more than 1,700 disciples who received Huyuan’s direct and indirect teachings, the representative disciple who explained ‘Yi’ based on righteousness and succeeded to the teacher's doctrine is the very ‘ChengYi(程頤)’. Unlike the thought of HuYuan who based the righteousness in the center of ‘Yi’, ChengYi introduced a new idea ‘arrangement(理)’ and developed the interpretation method of ‘Yi’ and provided the behavioral norm and existence principle for the order and expanded it to many nobilities later. Based on ‘Yi’ idea shown in HuYuan’s ZhouYiKouYi, ChengYi wrote YiChuan(易傳), and developed the learning succeedingly and completed neo-Confucianism(程朱學).