略谈宋明易学与朝鲜前期易学的象义观 - 以象数为主的特点 -
A Brief Study on the characteristics of Image-Meaning theory focused on image in the early days of the Joseon Dynasty and SongMing period
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本稿目的在于论证朝鲜前期易学的象义观具有以象数为主的特点。 朝鲜前期易学继承了宋明易学的两条路线, 进而创新并得出了其独到的象义观。 一是在由胡瑗、程颐向李光、杨万里的以义理为主的易学上创新了以义理为主的象义观。 权近所说的“各因其理而顺应之”和退溪所说的“贵理不贵数”就积极表明了以义理为主的象义观。 尽管如此, 权近还提出了“义不出数外”的观点, 退溪也提出了“隐奥之义与乘除之法都得明详”的观点。 这反映了朱熹兼治象义的象义观。 总之, 以权近和李滉为代表的义理学易学家在以义理为主的象义观基础上提出了兼治象义的象义观;另外一个是在由陈抟向邵雍的以象数为主的易学上创新了以象和数为主的象义观。 李珥在哲学上面上主张“理·气·物的同时发生性”的观点, 又在易学方面上展开“理·象·数的不可分离性”。 并在以数为主的方法来解释图书学的世界模式。 张显光则提出了“理得数而为体”和“易理不外数”的观点。 他们二人积极推崇邵雍的数学易学, 进而展开了以数为主的象义观。 它反映了邵雍以数为主的象义观。 曹好益主张以象为主的象义观。 他提出了三个非常明显的以象为主的象义观命题, 即“不外乎象”、“象皆具义”和“取象无常”。 在吸取了朱熹后学中的象数易学之后, 他创新了象义观和易学体系。 总之, 朝鲜前期易学的象义观与宋明易学的展开密切相关。 宋明时期, 图书学登上易学学坛之后, 前代象义观呈现多层化, 即就象·数、象·理(义)、象·气、数·理、数·象·义、象·数·理·气等进行研究。 朝鲜前期易学也迈开了多条象义观之路, 其中有以义理为主、以兼治象义、以数为主以及以象为主等的象义观。
Abstract
This paper is aimed at analyzing the characteristics of Image-Meaning theory focused on image in the early days of the Joseon Dynasty and SongMing period. Zhouyi’ theory in the early days of the Joseon Dynasty was constructed on the basis of Zhouyi’ theory of SongMing period. The characteristics of Image-Meaning theory in the early days of the Joseon Dynasty can be explained largely by two routes. One is the perspective of critical succession on Zhouyi’theory of focusing on meaning that led Chengyi(程頤) and Yangwanli(楊萬裏). As the representative of this route, Gwongeun and Toegye not only asserted Image-meaning theory focused on meaning, but also developed a perspective of taking all the image and meaning. The other is the active succession and creative transformation about Image-Meaning theory of Tushuxue that led Chentuan(陳摶) and Shaoyong(邵雍). As the representative of that route, Yulgok and Yeohun explained the schematic diagram of the universe of the universe by using methodology of Tushuxue. Furthermore, they actively succeed Shaoyong’ Zhouyi theory to expand Image-Meaning theory focused on number. In addition, Cho, Haoyi(曺好益)described the propositions - "meaning is not out of image area, image equipped with meaning all, then there is no law of limitation in image adopted theory. Those propositions are opposed to Chengyi(程頤) and Zhuxi(朱熹)’ ZhouYi’ theory.
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