이미지 재현 방식과 전공교육이 주시패턴에 미치는 영향
Effects of image representation and Educational background on visual attention
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
연구배경 그래픽 기술의 발전과 디바이스 다양화로 인해 건축 환경을 표현하는 방식과 매체 종류가 많아지고 있다. 본 연구는 건축 환경을 표현하고 전달하는 재현 방식 중 실제 사진 이미지와 전통적인 스케치 이미지 두 방식에 대한 차이점에 대해 알아보려고 한다. 또한 정보를 읽는 다양한 이해관계자들 사이에서 존재하는 지식수준의 차이가 실제 건축 환경을 인지하고 평가 할 때 어떻게 영향을 주는지에 관해 규명하려는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법 먼저 문헌연구를 통해 인지와 태도를 측정하는 디자인 관련 연구에서 아이트래커가 어떻게 사용되는지, 재현 방식을 둘러싼 논의, 지식수준 차이가 태도나 인지에 미치는 영향에 대한 논의들을 알아보았다. 다음으로 아이트래커 장비를 이용하여 지식수준 차이가나는 두 집단 피험자의 자극물에 의한 시선 이동을 데이터화 하고 피험자들이 완성한 설문지 데이터와 함께 종합적인 분석을 하였다. 연구결과 얻어진 데이터로 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫 째, 두 가지 재현방식에 대한 평가는 유의미한 차이가 있다, 둘 째, 재현 방식에 따라 시선운동의 차이가 있었으며, 특히 배경과 전경의 차이 및 빛 효과에 의한 대비가 컸다. 마지막으로 전공자와 비전공자간의 시선운동에도 차이가 있었는데, 전공자는 건축적인 요소에 집중하는 경향을 보인 반면, 비전공자는 사람, 간판 등의 비건축적인 요소에 집중하는 경향을 보였다. 결론 재현방식에 따라 태도나 인지가 다르기 때문에 실제 상황과의 차이를 최소화하기 위해 노력해야 하고 그 방법으로 배경과 주 요소 차이를 뚜렷하게 하는 것, 빛의 효과를 사실적으로 하는 것, 미세한 명암효과를 표현하는 것 등이 있다. 이외 교육에 의한 영향은 비가역적이기에 건축 환경에 대한 일치한 의견을 위해서 참여적인 프로세스가 필요할 것임을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
Background With the development of graphic technology and diversification of devices, there have been various methods and media types presenting architectural environment. This study is to find the differences between the actual photo of images and the traditional sketch images when represent and deliver architectural environment. It is also on a purpose to identify the effects from various stakeholders who utilize and assess the architectural environment in condition that they are at different level of knowledge and understanding. Methods First, through the literature research, investigate the discussion about how eye-tracker being employed in design research, the argument on the method of representations, the impact from the level difference of knowledge/observation on attitudes and cognition from design research. Subsequently, by using the eye-tracker device, perform a comprehensive analysis for a customized data simulated with eye movements and for afterwards questionnaires from two “samples” in terms of the difference in the level of knowledge. Result The experimental results are as follows. First, the evaluation towards two types of representation has significant differences. Second, based on the type of representations, there are differences in eye movement. Especially, differences between background and foreground, and differences in contrast of light effects are notably obvious. Finally, there are differences in eye movements from majored and the non-majored people. Majored people tend to focus on architectural elements, while non-majored tend to focus on non-architectural elements such as people or signs. Conclusion Efforts, such as distinguishing the figures and grounds clearly, actualizing the light effects and presenting a slight shade effects, to minimize the gap from practical situation are necessary since attitude or cognition is differed by the type of representations. Furthermore, for a consensus on the architectural environment, the participatory process is also requisite as the educational effects are irreversible.
참고문헌 (16)
- Bilda, Z., "An insight on designers’ sketching activities in traditional versus digital media", Design Studies, 24(1), pp.27~50 (2003)
- Cheng, S., "Eye-tracking based adaptive user interface: Implicit human-computer interaction for preference indication", Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces, 5(1-2), pp.77~84 (2012)
- Dong, Y., "The Effects of Culture on Users’ Perception of a Webpage : A Comparative Study of the Cognitive Styles of Chinese, Koreans, and Americans", Industrial Applications of Affective Engineering, 2, pp.133~151 (2014)
- Goel, V., "Sketches of thought" (1995), MIt Press
- Hyökki, S., "Eye Tracking in User Research", Interdisciplinary Studies Journal, 1(4), pp.65~77 (2012)
- Igarashi, T., "Teddy: a sketching interface for 3D freeform design", Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques - SIGGRAPH ’99, pp.409~416 (1999)
- Lee, S., "Using an eye tracker to study three-dimensional environmental aesthetics : The impact of architectural elements and educational training on viewers’ visual attention", Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 32(2), pp.145~167 (2015)
- Park, S., "(A)study of instructional methods in progressive drawing to improve ability to sketch interior architecture design idea", pp.2010
- Park, J., "Exploring product communication between the designer and the user through eye-tracking technology. International Journal of Fashion Design", Technology and Education, 5(1), pp.67~78 (2012)
- Prats, M., "Interpretation of Geometric Shapes – An Eye Movement Study", 243~250 (2010)
- Reid, T., "Impact of Product Design Representation on Customer Judgment with Associated Eye Gaze Patterns. DETC2012-70734", Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, 135(9), pp.1~14 (2012)
- Schumann, J., "Assessing the effect of non-photorealistic rendered images in CAD", Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Common Ground CHI 96, 96, pp.35~41 (1996)
- Thompson, W. B., "Does the Quality of the Computer Graphics Matter when Judging Distances in Visually Immersive Environments?", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 13(5), pp.560~571 (2004)
- Ware, C., "Information visualization: perception for design", Information Visualization, ~ (2004)
- Weber, R., "The impact of formal properties on eye movement during the perception of architecture", Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 19(1), pp.57~69 (2002)
- Willemsen, P., "Perceived egocentric distances in real, image-based, and traditional virtual environments", Virtual Reality, 2002. Proceedings, pp.275~276 (2002), IEEE