Sustainable Cups in Cafes with Life Cycle Assessment
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background Plastic use is one of the major causes of environmental harm. The increase in plastic waste is expected to reach an alarming rate especially with the outbreak of COVID-19. This study proposes an alternative design solution to replace plastic take-out cups in cafes. Specifically, it suggests the use of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) as a material to 3D print cups that are disposable, degradable, and environmentally friendly. Methods To demonstrate the proposal of a 3D printed SCG cup, a digital model was created through 3D design tools and forwarded to an outsourcing company with the purchased coffee filament. As for the environmental value of the product, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was referred to as a method of critiquing the eco-friendliness in the production, packaging, transportation, use, and end of life of the cup. The economic value of the product was established through research on the future insight of 3D printing technology. To accumulate consumer response, an online survey was distributed and it sought to 1) identify the demographic of the respondents, 2) determine respondents’ environmental awareness, and 3) evaluate the prototype. The quantitative and qualitative data collected through the survey were analyzed based on personal information and common themes among the suggestions made for the product. Result Based on LCA, the eco-friendliness in the production, use, and end of life were highly positive, while it was mildly positive in packaging and transportation. This result indicates the advantage of the proposed idea as an alternative to plastic take-out cups. Meanwhile, although the economic value is doubtful at the present, it is expected to be optimistic in the future with the growth of the 3D printing industry and the sustainability of the product possesses a positive marketing value. Conclusion The consumer response highlighted the requirement for improvements in design, functionality, and perception of the product.
Abstract
Background Plastic use is one of the major causes of environmental harm. The increase in plastic waste is expected to reach an alarming rate especially with the outbreak of COVID-19. This study proposes an alternative design solution to replace plastic take-out cups in cafes. Specifically, it suggests the use of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) as a material to 3D print cups that are disposable, degradable, and environmentally friendly. Methods To demonstrate the proposal of a 3D printed SCG cup, a digital model was created through 3D design tools and forwarded to an outsourcing company with the purchased coffee filament. As for the environmental value of the product, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was referred to as a method of critiquing the eco-friendliness in the production, packaging, transportation, use, and end of life of the cup. The economic value of the product was established through research on the future insight of 3D printing technology. To accumulate consumer response, an online survey was distributed and it sought to 1) identify the demographic of the respondents, 2) determine respondents’ environmental awareness, and 3) evaluate the prototype. The quantitative and qualitative data collected through the survey were analyzed based on personal information and common themes among the suggestions made for the product. Result Based on LCA, the eco-friendliness in the production, use, and end of life were highly positive, while it was mildly positive in packaging and transportation. This result indicates the advantage of the proposed idea as an alternative to plastic take-out cups. Meanwhile, although the economic value is doubtful at the present, it is expected to be optimistic in the future with the growth of the 3D printing industry and the sustainability of the product possesses a positive marketing value. Conclusion The consumer response highlighted the requirement for improvements in design, functionality, and perception of the product.
참고문헌 (24)
- Adyel, T. M., "Accumulation of plastic waste during COVID-19", Science, 369(6509), pp.1314~1315 (2020)[DOI]
- Banu, J. R., "Biorefinery of spent coffee grounds waste : Viable pathway towards circular bioeconomy", Bioresource Technology, 302 (2020)[DOI]
- "Is PLA Biodegradable?-The Truth" (2019)[URL]
- "How Long Does It Take for Plastic to Decompose?" (2021)[URL]
- Gibbs, G. R., "Analyzing Qualitative Data", pp.38~55 (2007), SAGE Publications, Inc
- "The Kaffeeform Idea"[URL]
- "까만 연기 내뿜던 커피찌꺼기... 천연 비료・연료로 ‘놀라운 변신’" (2020)[URL]
- 김형주, "The Potential of Product Design Made from Coffee Waste - Biomaterial for Sustainable 3D Printing -", Journal of Integrated Design Research, 16(3), pp.61~70 (2017), 디자인연구소[DOI]
- "Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)-Complete Beginner’s Guide" (2019)[URL]
- "Marine litter in the North-East Atlantic Region: Assessment and priorities for response" (2009)[URL]
- "Human-Centered Design Is More Important Than Ever"[URL]
- "Moving Toward Eco-Friendly Manufacturing"[URL]
- Olteanu, A. E., "A comparison of some new methods for solving algebraic equations", Journal of Information Systems & Operations Management, 7(2), pp.422~428 (2013)
- "Kaffeeform coffee cups" (2017)[URL]
- "100 3D Printing Experts Predict The Future of 3D Printing in 2030" (2020)[URL]
- "Consumers Demand Sustainable Products And Shopping Formats" (2022)[URL]
- Somnuk, K., "Optimization of coffee oil extraction from spent coffee grounds using four solvents and prototype-scale extraction using circulation process", Agriculture and Natural Resources, 51(3), pp.181~189 (2017)[DOI]
- "The Largest 3D Printing Factory Is Coming" (2020)[URL]
- "The Problem"[URL]
- Trevail, A. M., "Elevated levels of ingested plastic in a high Arctic seabird, the northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis)", Polar Biology, 38(7), pp.975~981 (2015)[DOI]
- Van Franeker, J. A., "Monitoring plastic ingestion by the northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis in the North Sea", Environmental Pollution, 159(10), pp.2609~2615 (2011)[DOI]
- "The importance of neutral class in sentiment analysis" (2013)[URL]
- "Plastic to-go containers are bad, but the alternatives might not be much better" (2020)[URL]
- Wright, S. L., "The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: A review", Environmental Pollution, 178, pp.483~492 (2013)[DOI]