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홉킨스의 사제 역할과 동성애적 욕망

Hopkins’ Priest Roles and Homosexual Desires

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between Hopkins’ priest roles and homosexual desires. Hopkins as a parish priest takes charge of priest’ fundamental duties such as the Communion. His desire for another male body is expressed through the sacrament, which grants him the privilege of a sacred union with another male, as in “The Bugler’s First Communion.” However, his eventual employment as a professor in Ireland takes him away from a setting wherein he can express and realize these desires in a sacred way. Therefore, it becomes impossible for him to couple with another male in an acceptable, divine fashion. Absent from this possibility, he is reduced to erotically watching the bodies of other males, as in “Harry Ploughman,” which makes him feel isolated and causes him to view himself as an “eunuch.” These two poems are the evidence of the sublimation of his homosexual desires into the religion and also of his terrible anguish in Ireland as a result of his alienation from the fundamental duties of the priesthood.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between Hopkins’ priest roles and homosexual desires. Hopkins as a parish priest takes charge of priest’ fundamental duties such as the Communion. His desire for another male body is expressed through the sacrament, which grants him the privilege of a sacred union with another male, as in “The Bugler’s First Communion.” However, his eventual employment as a professor in Ireland takes him away from a setting wherein he can express and realize these desires in a sacred way. Therefore, it becomes impossible for him to couple with another male in an acceptable, divine fashion. Absent from this possibility, he is reduced to erotically watching the bodies of other males, as in “Harry Ploughman,” which makes him feel isolated and causes him to view himself as an “eunuch.” These two poems are the evidence of the sublimation of his homosexual desires into the religion and also of his terrible anguish in Ireland as a result of his alienation from the fundamental duties of the priesthood.

참고문헌 (29)

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  3. Booth, Howard J., "Masculinity and Spirituality in Victorian Culture", pp.116~133 (2000), St. Martin’s
  4. Bristow, Joseph, "Churlsgrace: Gerard Manley Hopkins and The Working-Class Male body", ELH, 59, pp.693~711 (1992)
  5. Dau, Duc, "Perfect Chastity: Celibacy and Virgin Marriage in Tractarian Poetry", Victorian Poetry, 44(1), pp.77~92 (2006)
  6. Dellamora, Richard, "Masculine Desire: The Sexual Politics of Victorian Aestheticism" (1990), U of North Carolina P
  7. Dowling, Linda, "Hellenism and Homosexuality in Victorian Oxford" (1996), Cornell UP
  8. Gardner, W. H., "Gerard Manley Hopkins: A Study of Poetic Idiosyncrasy in Relation to Poetic Tradition. Vol. 2" (1958), Oxford UP
  9. Gill, Sean, "Masculinity and Spirituality in Victorian Culture", pp.164~178 (2000), St. Martin’s
  10. Higgins, Lesley, "The Collected Works of Gerard Manley Hopkins: Oxford Essays and Notes", pp.1~87 (2006), Oxford UP
  11. Hopkins, Gerard Manley, "The Early Poetic Manuscripts and Note-books of Gerard Manley Hopkins in Facsimile" (1989), Garland
  12. Hopkins, Gerard Manley, "The Journals and Papers of Gerard Manley Hopkins" (1959), Oxford UP
  13. Hopkins, Gerard Manley, "The Letters of Gerard Manley Hopkins to Robert Bridges" (1955), Oxford UP
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  15. Hopkins, Gerard Manley, "The Sermons and Devotional Writings of Gerard Manley Hopkins" (1959), Oxford UP
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  20. Mariani, Paul, "A Commentary on the Complete Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins" (1970), Cornell UP
  21. Martin, Robert Bernard, "Gerard Manley Hopkins: A Very Private Life" (1992), Flamingo
  22. Mckenzie, Tim, "Victorian in the Poetry of the Priest-Poets George Herbert" (2003), The Edwin Mellen
  23. Pick, John, "Gerard Manley Hopkins: Priest and Poet" (1966), Oxford UP
  24. Reade, Brian, "Sexual Heretics: Male Homosexuality in English Literature from 1850 to 1900", pp.1~56 (1971), Coward-McCann
  25. Roden, Frederick S., "Same Sex Desire in Victorian Religious Culture" (2002), Palgrave
  26. Ruggles, Eleanor, "Gerard Manley Hopkins: A Life" (1947), John Lane the Bodley Head
  27. Saville, Julia F., "A Queer Chivalry: The Homoerotic Asceticism of Gerard Manley Hopkins" (2000), UP of Virginia
  28. Sulloway, Allison, "The Fine delight: Centenary Essays on Gerard Manley Hopkins", pp.33~54 (1989), Loyola UP
  29. Swaab, Peter, "Hopkins and the Pushed Peach", Critical Quarterly, 37(3), pp.44~60 (1995)

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