불교 문헌에 나오는 음료용(飮料用) 장류(漿類) 음식 분석

Abstract

Food is the basic necessity of human life. In ancient times Indian Buddhists were well aware of the importance of food. In Buddhist Cannon, especially the literature on Vinaya of a Chinese version there are rich contents of food and regular mealtimes and the other rules of food and to take a meal. At First, there are four categories, khajja, bhojja, leyya and peyya of Buddhist food in Buddhist Cannon. That is hard food, soft food, mucilaginous and drinkable food. Among eatables and drinkable food, eight kinds of pāna, namely beverages, have been frequently mentioned especially in the literature on Vinaya, but we couldn’t know for certain those names. In this paper, upon investigation for the most part of the Vinaya literature of a Chinese version, I analyze eight kinds of pāna. I come to the conclusion that there are many trees, fruits, floras, plants of the main ingredients of pāna. For instance, eight kinds of pāna is made of kapittha, sālūka, kumuda, jambu, phārusaka, badaramissa, kolodaka(jujube), moca(banana), aśvattha, coca(cinnamon ; plantain), guḷa, guḷodaka(brown sugar), mṛdvīkā, muddikā(vine), ucchu, guḍa(sugar cane), āmra, amba(mango), cūta, aṃbila, amla-cūḍa etc.