관정의례(灌頂儀禮)의 변천에 관한 고찰

Abstract

In the age of Mahayāna Buddhism a lot of religious elements like Mantra, Dharani, Abhisekha and Homa which was originated from Indian's ancient religion began to appeared in Buddhist scriptures. The rite of consecration(Abhisekha) was adopted in the ceremony of enthronement of Indian prince as a king and was adopted in Buddhist scriptures like Gaṇḍavyūha Sūtra (華嚴經) to approve the achievement of Bodhisattva practice of Ten Stages(十地). The early form of Abhisekha was to form a relationships between Buddha or Bodhisattva and believers but soon after the Abhisekha was transformed to demonstrate the stage of Buddhist practices or to approved accomplishment of practices. The rite of Abhisekha is changed reflecting development of ages of Esoteric Buddhism which is divided by Miscellaneous Esoteric Buddhism(雜密) and Orthodox Esoteric Buddhism(純密) which doctrine is appeared in Shinon Order(眞言宗) of Japanese Buddhism which in the scriptures of Miscellaneous Esoteric Buddhism the purpose of rite is mainly for saving sentient beings but in scriptures of Orthodox Esoteric Buddhism the purpose of rite is reflecting the stage of Yagacarya practice of Esoteric Buddhism which the practitioner achieve the Buddha's holy body and her or himself save sentient beings. In the Abhisekha Tantra of Vajrapani (金剛手灌頂經) it is found some elements of developing stages of Esoteric Buddhism that the Mantra, Mandala, Abhisekha ritual of the Tantra inherited the doctrines of Ornament Sutra which consequently is to practice and achieve the internal stages of Vairocana Buddha showing transitional elements of Esoteric Buddhism. The Abhisekha Tantra of Vajrapani is historically important as it has provided the lots of foundation of Esoteric Buddhism to the formations of Mahāvairocana Sūtra (大日經) and Vajra Peak Tantra (金剛頂經) that the Mahāvairocana Sūtra has devoted to the formation of Orthodox Esoteric Buddhism that enabled the formation of Yogācāra practice of Vajra Peak Tantra.