산스크리트 단막극에 나타난 풍자의 미학 __『맛타빌라사 프라하사나』(Mattavilāsa-prahasana)를 중심으로__
Aesthetics of Satire in a Sanskrit One-act Farce: Focusing on the Mattavilāsa-prahasana
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참고문헌
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초록
본고는 7세기 초엽 남인도에서 창작된 산스크리트 단막 희극(喜劇, comedy) 『맛타빌라사 프라하사나』(Mattavilāsa-prahasana, 이하 MV)의 번역과 분석을 통해 작품에 드러나는 당대의 해학과 풍자에 대한 고찰을 목적으로 한다. MV는 남인도 타밀나두 지역 팔라바(Pallava) 왕조의 마헨드라바르만(Mahendravarman, 치세 600-630년경) 왕의 저작으로서, 희곡 장르 중 풍자적 유머를 구사하는 단막극 ‘프라하사나’(prahasana)의 대표적인 초기 작품 중 하나이다. 프라하사나는 극의 상연을 통해 청중의 웃음을 유발하는 것을 목적으로 삼는다. 이는 당대 사회와 종교 문화를 반영하는 여러 등장인물에 대한 풍자로 이루어지며, 산스크리트 시학 전통에 따른 다양한 은유와 말놀이, 신화적 테마들을 통해 다각적으로 구현된다. 본고에서는 먼저 프라하사나 장르의 특성과 규정을 연극론서 『나티야 샤스트라』(Nāṭyaśāstra)를 통해 파악하고, 이를 바탕으로 MV 발췌 원문에 대한 주해를 통해 당대 프라하사나 극의 풍자와 해학의 특성에 대해 고찰한다.
Abstract
This study examines the feature of satire through an analysis of selected passages from the Sanskrit one-act farce Mattavilāsa-prahasana (MV), a literary work composed in early 7th-century South India. Composed by Mahendravarman, the illustrious ruler of the Pallava dynasty in Tamil Nadu, MV stands as a prime example of prahasana, a sub-genre of Sanskrit drama characterized by its satirical humor. Prahasana seeks to evoke laughter in the audience through theatrical performance. This comedic effect is achieved through the clever portrayal of various characters, each reflecting the social and religious milieu of the time. The playwright masterfully employs a rich tapestry of metaphors, wordplay, and mythological themes, deeply rooted in the Sanskrit literary tradition, to bring these characters to life. This study commences with an exploration of the genre prahasana, drawing upon the principles outlined in the renowned theatrical treatise Nāṭyaśāstra. Through a partial annotation of MV, the paper examines the distinctive features of prahasana or one-act farce, paving the way for an investigation into the satirical and comic nuances of Sanskrit drama of the time.
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