멕시코 기업 환경과 중소기업의 성과: 치안 비용, 부정부패, 비공식적 경쟁과 중소기업 성과의 관계
Small & Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)’ Performance in Mexico: Relations of Security Cost, Corruption, and Informal Competition to Firm’s Performance
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초록
최근 멕시코는 북미 시장과 라틴아메리카 시장 진출을 위한 전략적 거점으로서 그 중요성이 증가하면서 라틴아메리카 경제의 새로운 성장 중심지로 떠올랐다. 이에 우리나라의 글로벌 기업들이 꾸준히 멕시코로 진출해왔고 이들과 동반 진출하는 중소 협력업체뿐만 아니라, 해외 시장으로의 활로를 모색하는 중소기업들의 멕시코 진출이 가속화 될 것으로 보인다. 본 연구에서는 멕시코에 진출하는 기업들이 직면할 수 있는 제도적 환경의 경영 제약 요인들과 멕시코 중소기업 성과에 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 위해, 2010년 세계은행(World Bank)에서 실시한 기업설문(World Bank Enterprise Survey, WBES)에 참여한 821개 멕시코 제조업 분야의 중소기업 대상으로 치안 비용, 뇌물공여, 비공식 경쟁과 기업 성과의 관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 치안 비용 지출은 중소기업의 노동생산성에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 반면, 뇌물공여는 노동생산성에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 못했다. 한편, 비공식업체들과의 경쟁은 매출에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났지만, 비공식업체들과의 경쟁과 기업의 고정비 간의 상호작용 효과는 유의미하지 않았다. 끝으로, 본 연구의 결과에 대한 이론적, 실무적 함의와 향후 연구 방향을 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study aims to investigate how security, bribery, informal competition, and the fixed entry cost can affect the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Mexico. Recently, Mexico has been regarded as a new strategic foothold for the US and Latin American markets for Korean global companies and their Korean SME suppliers. The current study contributes to offering an opportunity to take a detailed look at the relationship between the SMEs’ performance and some chronic institutional environment, particularly business obstacles that they might run into in Mexico. For the current study, we have used the survey data conducted by the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) in 2010. We have analyzed a sample of 821 SMEs in the manufacturing sector in Mexico with more than 5 and less than 250 employees. The results show that the security cost is positively related to labor productivity due to unstable business environment. However, there is no statistically significant relationship between corruption and labor productivity. The informal competition with those unregistered competitors affects SMEs’ sales negatively. Finally, the level of firm entry fixed-costs does not moderate the relationship between informal competition and SMEs’ sales. We finalize the paper by discussing implications for future studies and practices.
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