진안군 초등학생의 천식과 알레르기비염의 유병률과 위험 인자
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis in Elementary School Children in Jinan-Gun
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목적:본 연구는 농촌 지역 초등학생의 천식과 알레르기비염의 유병률을 조사하고 발병에 영향을 미치는 위험 인자를 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2010년 11월에 전형적인 농촌지역인 전라북도 진안군 12개 초등학교 학생을 대상으로 한국어판 ISAAC 설문지를 이용하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 결과:총 947명의 설문지가 회수되었고 회수율은 89.1 %였다. 지난 12개월 동안의 천식과 알레르기비염의 증상 유병률은 각각 7.4%, 28.1%이었고 천식과 알레르기비염의 평생 진단 유병률은 각각 7.2%, 22.2%이었다. 남자, 간접 흡연, 집안 내 곰팡이가 천식 진단의 위험 인자로 분석되었고(adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.35, 95% CI 1.30-4.26; aOR 2.49, 95% CI 1.38-4.48; aOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.23- 3.89) 부모의 알레르기 질환 병력은 알레르기비염의 위험 인자로 분석되었다.(aOR, 4.89; 95% CI, 3.37-7.10) 2명 이상의 형제가 있는 경우에 비해 형제가 없는 경우 알레르기비염의 유병률이 높았으며(aOR, 5.20; 95% CI, 2.38- 11.35) 특히 생후 1년 이내에 항생제 사용이 3회 이상인 경우 항생제를 사용하지 않은 경우와 비교했을 때 천식(aOR, 8.45; 95% CI, 4.23-16.59)과 알레르기비염(aOR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.36-4.19)의 유병률이 급격히 증가했었다. 결론:진안군 초등학생에서의 지난 12개월 동안의 천식과 알레르기비염의 증상 유병률은 각각 7.4%, 28.1%이었고 천식과 알레르기비염의 평생 진단 유병률은 각각 7.2%, 22.2%이었다. 위험 인자를 분석한 결과 간접 흡연, 집안 내 곰팡이, 영아기 동안의 항생제 투여, 형제의 수와 같은 환경 요소가 천식 혹은 알레르기비염의 유병률과 연관성이 있었다.
Abstract
Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis in rural elementary school children. Methods:Children in 12 elementary schools in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, a typical rural area in Korea, were enrolled. We conducted cross-sectional survey using a Korean version of International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. Results:A total of 947 questionnaires out of 1,062 were completed and the response rate was 89.1%. The symptom prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) in the last 12 months was 7.4% and 28.1%. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma and AR was 7.2% and 22.2%. Male, passive smoking, visible mold at home, and use of antibiotics during infancy more than 3 times were associated with higher prevalence of asthma diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30 to 4.26; aOR 2.49, 95% CI 1.38 to 4.48; aOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.89; and aOR 8.45, 95% CI 4.23 to 16.59). Parental history of allergic diseases, children without siblings, use of antibiotics during infancy more than 3 times were associated with higher prevalence of AR (aOR 4.89, 95% CI 3.37 to 7.10; aOR 5.20, 95% CI 2.38 to 11.35; and aOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.36 to 4.19). Conclusion:In Jinan-gun, the symptom prevalence of asthma and AR in the last 12 months was 7.4% and 28.1%. The environmental factors such as passive smoking, visible mold at home, use of antibiotics during infancy and number of siblings are associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis.
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