천태수행법의 기본원리 -지계와 참회를 중심으로-

Abstract

Almost every person habitually commits big and small sins throughout their lives and they tend to neglect the act of self-reflection and penitence. Due to this, a person's mind becomes ruined and the conception of ethic and moral are lost. In cases of such, if people can follow the religious precepts and perform the asceticism, it is believed to restore the ruined mind and further, purify our mind. At present days, religious precepts along with penitence will allow people to restore one's humanity, to perform correct asceticism and to achieve enlightenment. Zhiyi(智顗) had emphasized the basic principle of following precepts, performing asceticism to achieve enlightenment. The details of the methods are well described in his writings. In his 『T'ien-ta char chih-kuan』, he classifies ascetics in to three and describes ten types of penitence including the three refuges and five basic precepts(三歸五戒), the ten rules for Samanera(沙彌十戒) and the rules of Sangha(具足戒). In 『Mohe Zhiguan』, he describes ten types of precepts and methods of penitence. In his four kinds of Samādhi, he emphasizes the importance of achieving enlightenment through the structure of following precepts, penitence and asceticism. Through such arrangements, Zhiyi emphasizes that precepts, penitence and enlightenment cannot be separated and he makes suggestions as to how people can remove karma from their sins through asceticism. In summary, conditions for the formula of precepts ￫ penitence ￫ asceticism ￫ enlightenment can be achieved. This is a formula that suggests a new understanding of penitence which was neglected in between of precepts, asceticism and enlightenment.