Kim Ilta’s (1929-99) systemization of the current Jogye Order’s orthopraxy
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Celibate monastics affiliated with the original Jogye Order officially established in 1941 developed the Purification Buddhist Movement, 1954-70, removed married monastics from the order and in 1962 officially established the current Jogye Order only for themselves. Kim Ilta (1929-99) conducted theoretical research on orthopraxy (rules, precepts and rituals) under the guidance of Kim Jaun (1911-1992) from 1953, theoretically backed up the movement, completely restored celibate monasticism in the order, established the ordination system with other vinaya masters at the order’s level in 1981, and implemented the system in the order since then. When he referred to orthopraxis principles included in the monastic rules of the Dharmagupataka’s Four Part Vinaya of Indian Buddhism and the bodhisattva precepts of Brahmā Net Sūtra of the Great Vehicle, while he intentionally ignored some principles of decentralized monastic management, non-arbitrariness, separation between religion and state, harmony, non-violence, and honorable poverty, he highly emphasized other principles of celibacy, no worldly skills, no-drinking of intoxicants, not eating of five pungent plants, and vegetarianism. He politically and sectarianistically utilized his selected principles as the theoretical and practical weapons of the movement. Because he was basically conservative and did not progressively interpret the orthopraxis principles in rules and precepts, he could not react to various social issues which might happen in contemporary Korean situations. So, he did not and could not apply the principles to the issues such as democracy, equality, human rights, environmentalism, labor rights, reunification, civil rights, social justice, anti-imperialism, animal rights, and so on, but was mainly concerned with the religious issues of celibacy and vegetarianism and realized celibate and vegetarian monasticism in the religious order.
Abstract
Celibate monastics affiliated with the original Jogye Order officially established in 1941 developed the Purification Buddhist Movement, 1954-70, removed married monastics from the order and in 1962 officially established the current Jogye Order only for themselves. Kim Ilta (1929-99) conducted theoretical research on orthopraxy (rules, precepts and rituals) under the guidance of Kim Jaun (1911-1992) from 1953, theoretically backed up the movement, completely restored celibate monasticism in the order, established the ordination system with other vinaya masters at the order’s level in 1981, and implemented the system in the order since then. When he referred to orthopraxis principles included in the monastic rules of the Dharmagupataka’s Four Part Vinaya of Indian Buddhism and the bodhisattva precepts of Brahmā Net Sūtra of the Great Vehicle, while he intentionally ignored some principles of decentralized monastic management, non-arbitrariness, separation between religion and state, harmony, non-violence, and honorable poverty, he highly emphasized other principles of celibacy, no worldly skills, no-drinking of intoxicants, not eating of five pungent plants, and vegetarianism. He politically and sectarianistically utilized his selected principles as the theoretical and practical weapons of the movement. Because he was basically conservative and did not progressively interpret the orthopraxis principles in rules and precepts, he could not react to various social issues which might happen in contemporary Korean situations. So, he did not and could not apply the principles to the issues such as democracy, equality, human rights, environmentalism, labor rights, reunification, civil rights, social justice, anti-imperialism, animal rights, and so on, but was mainly concerned with the religious issues of celibacy and vegetarianism and realized celibate and vegetarian monasticism in the religious order.
참고문헌 (14)
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