오봉산 석굴암의 문화재 고찰

Abstract

Seokgulam(石窟庵), Buddhist hermitage that is believed to have been built at latest in the mid 15th century as the Prayer Hall (願堂) of Queen Jeongsun (定順王后), the wife of King Danjong (端宗), began to be reconstructed by Priest Eungdam(응담) in 1935 and has been preserved as it is today thanks to Priest Choan’s(初安) promotion of Buddhist projects during the period from 1953 to the mid 1980s. The temple has cultural assets including three Buddhist sculptures, which are KsitigarbhaStone Statue(地藏菩薩像) , Nabanjonja Statue(那畔尊者像, Hermit Saint, and Shakyamuni Buddha Statue(釋迦佛像), as well as Iljumun (一柱門 – one‐pillar gate). Especially with regard to the Buddhist sculptures, we can find records on the creation time and the sculptors in Bongseonbonmalsaji(奉先本末寺誌), so this study attempted to analyze the records. According to the results of this study, the Ksitigarbha Statue and the Nabanjonja Statue were created and mended by Seokgulam Chief Priest Seolam Gwanik’s(雪庵寬益) soliciting of contributions, and with the sponsorship of woman believer Yijinmyeonghaeng(李進明行 or 李普明行), old man Kang(姜老人), Seokbo(石寶), etc. The estimated year of creation is 1873, and those involved in the project were monk painters Hanbongdang Changyeop(漢峰堂瑲曄) and Geumgokdang Yeonghwan(金谷堂永煥), sculptors Kim Heung‐nyeon(金興年) and Hwang Won‐seok(黃元石), etc. In case of Iljumun(一柱門), it is a rare case of hipped roof and its members have been preserved almost perfect. As a wood structure created in the late 19th century, which is small in size but looks grandiose, we need to reexamine its values. As to the Ksitigarbha Statue and the Nabanjonja Statue, which are relics in the 19th‐20th centuries with few related data and have not been studied much, they are considered meaningful in that they are Buddhist sculptures created and mended by monk painters Hanbongdang Changyeop and Geumgokdang Yeonghwan, who represented the Gyeonggi(京畿) area in the 19th century, and that they are estimated to have been created in 1873.