Views on human freedom and suffering through the event of crucifixion - In relation to Karl Rahner’s understanding of death -
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
In the Christian ethic the discussion about the essence of suffering necessarily includes the discussion of cross. It is because the cross becomes the first explanatory model over the meaning of suffering. Meanwhile, Christian theology has insisted that all kinds of sufferings can obtain their meaning through the cross. Especially, the concept of redemptive suffering affirms that suffering has the potential which can give a meaningful place in human life. It is because the root and original form of redemptive suffering come from Jesus’ suffering and the theological understanding of suffering always inherently has the nature of Christology in its nature. Theological line of this insistence is clearly revealed, but we need to make matter more clearly revealed how the cross can be a basis of criteria for the approach to suffering. To make the attitude toward the mystery of suffering revealed more clearly, Karl Rahner sees that theology needs to approach to the cross. According to Rahner, theological task is to show why our salvation is achieved through Christ’s death and how this kind of special free action has the meaning of salvation. Rahner asks how Jesus’ freedom decisively and receptively is involved in the suffering and salvation. Since this question testifies the connection between the moral attitudes in which human beings take action to reduce the suffering and the theology of suffering, it will be a very important issue in this study. Therefore, in this study, after we examine the interaction between Rahner’s Christology and theological Doctrine of Man, we see that three elements in Rahner’s theology of cross are given as one pattern and paradigm to practice the freedom in the face of suffering. First, meeting with Jesus’ death as human share of common prospect which is called as death can make all human beings accept their own ‘destiny’ in the common way as they practice their own freedom perfectly. Second, since Jesus’ death as an ethical behavior accepts the death with consciousness and teleology, theology of death as act makes us see the death as an active participation in God in the experience of Jesus’ suffering and death. Finally, the cross is a meeting with the part of incomprehensibility of suffering, that is, in Rahner a part of incomprehensibility of God. According to Rahner, the unavoidable and uncontrollable fact which is called as death, which is anticipated in all experiences of suffering, is the context which realizes Jesus’ own identity and His freedom.
Abstract
In the Christian ethic the discussion about the essence of suffering necessarily includes the discussion of cross. It is because the cross becomes the first explanatory model over the meaning of suffering. Meanwhile, Christian theology has insisted that all kinds of sufferings can obtain their meaning through the cross. Especially, the concept of redemptive suffering affirms that suffering has the potential which can give a meaningful place in human life. It is because the root and original form of redemptive suffering come from Jesus’ suffering and the theological understanding of suffering always inherently has the nature of Christology in its nature. Theological line of this insistence is clearly revealed, but we need to make matter more clearly revealed how the cross can be a basis of criteria for the approach to suffering. To make the attitude toward the mystery of suffering revealed more clearly, Karl Rahner sees that theology needs to approach to the cross. According to Rahner, theological task is to show why our salvation is achieved through Christ’s death and how this kind of special free action has the meaning of salvation. Rahner asks how Jesus’ freedom decisively and receptively is involved in the suffering and salvation. Since this question testifies the connection between the moral attitudes in which human beings take action to reduce the suffering and the theology of suffering, it will be a very important issue in this study. Therefore, in this study, after we examine the interaction between Rahner’s Christology and theological Doctrine of Man, we see that three elements in Rahner’s theology of cross are given as one pattern and paradigm to practice the freedom in the face of suffering. First, meeting with Jesus’ death as human share of common prospect which is called as death can make all human beings accept their own ‘destiny’ in the common way as they practice their own freedom perfectly. Second, since Jesus’ death as an ethical behavior accepts the death with consciousness and teleology, theology of death as act makes us see the death as an active participation in God in the experience of Jesus’ suffering and death. Finally, the cross is a meeting with the part of incomprehensibility of suffering, that is, in Rahner a part of incomprehensibility of God. According to Rahner, the unavoidable and uncontrollable fact which is called as death, which is anticipated in all experiences of suffering, is the context which realizes Jesus’ own identity and His freedom.
참고문헌 (30)
- Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, "Declaration on Euthanasia, In Vatican Council II: More Post Conciliar Documents Vol. 2. Northport" (1982), Constello Publishing
- Crowley, Paul G, "Rahner's Christian Pessimism: A Response to the Sorrow of AIDS", Theological Studies, 58, pp.286~307 (1997)
- Fuchs, Joseph, "Christian Faith and the Disposition of Human Life", Theological Studies, 46, pp.664~684 (1985)
- Galvin, John P, "From the Humanity of Christ to the Jesus of History: A Paradigm Shift in Catholic Christology", Theological Studies, 55, pp.252~273 (1994)
- Galvin, John P, "Jesus′ Approach to Death: An Examination of Some Recent Studies", Theological Studies, 41, pp.713~744 (1980)
- Gutiérrez, Gustavo, "On Job: God Talk and the Suffering of the Innocent. trans" (1985), Orbis Books
- Häring, Bernhard, "Free and Faithful in Christ: Moral Theology for Clergy and Laity" (1981), The Crossroad Publishing Company
- Huh, Do‐wha, "An Ecumenical Theology of Preaching: A Holistic Approach to Word and Sacrament as Ecclesia Act", Theology and Praxis, 14, pp.45~70 (2008)
- Kim, Seong‐Minne, "Death: A Christian Interpretation", Theology and Praxis, 1, pp.96~129 (1997)
- Kopfensteiner, Thomas, "Death With Dignity: A Roman Catholic Perspective", Linacre Quarterly, 63(4), pp.64~75 (1996)
- Krieg, Robert, "The Crucified in Rahner's Christology: An Appraisal", Irish Theological Quarterly, 50, pp.151~167 (1983)
- Marshall, Bruce, "Christology in Conflict: The Identity if a Savior in Rahner and Barth" (1987), Basil Blackwell
- Ochs, Robert, "The Death in Every Now" (1969), Sheed and Ward
- 박종환, "Sacrifice and Violence: A Critical Reflection on René Girard’s Theory of Violence", 신학과 실천, (21), pp.83~126 (2009), 한국실천신학회
- Perkins, Pheme, "Resurrection: New Testament Witness and Contemporary Reflection" (1984), Doubleday
- Phan,Peter, "Eternity in Time" (1988), Associated Press
- Pope John Paul, "Apostolic Letter Salvific Doloris: The Christian Meaning of Human Suffering", Origins, 13, pp.611~621 (1984)
- Pope John Paul, "Evangelium Vitae. Encyclical Letter: The Gospel of Life" (1995), Daughter of St. Paul
- Rahner, Karl, "Christian Dying, In Theological Investigation 18", pp.226~256 (1983), Crossroad
- Rahner, Karl, "Foundations of Christian" (1994), Bundo press
- Rahner, Karl, "Grace in Freedom" (1969), Herder and Herder
- Rahner, Karl, "Ideas for a Theology of Death, In Theological Investigation 13", pp.169~186 (1975), Crossroad
- Rahner, Karl, "On Christian Dying, In Theological Investigations 7", pp.285~293 (1974), Herder and Herder
- Rahner, Karl, "On the Theology of Death" (1961), Herder and Herder
- Rahner, Karl, "Spiritual Exercise" (1965), Herder and Herder
- Rahner, Karl, "The Human Question of Meaning in the Face of the Absolute Mystery of God, In Theological Investigation 18", pp.89~104 (1983), Crossroad
- Rahner, Karl, "The Scandal of Death, In Theological Investigations 7", pp.140~144 (1971), Herder and Herder
- Weger, Karl‐Heinz, "Karl Rahner:An Introduction to His Thought" (1980), The Seabury Press
- 위형윤, "다원주의에 대한 선교학의 방향에 관한 고찰 - 2000년대 한국교회의 선교적 과제 -", 신학과 실천, 12(12), pp.97~127 (2007), 한국실천신학회
- 위형윤, "신학과 실천의 괴리현상 극복을 위한 실천신학적 삶의 고찰", 신학과 실천, 22(22), pp.5~43 (2010), 한국실천신학회