상호포섭적 연합으로서의 설교적 해석: 역설-긴장-성례적 모델
Sermonic Hermeneutics as Inter-subsuming Union
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본고는 설교가 불가불 해석이라는 현실에 의거 설교적 해석이 갖는 혹은 가져야 하는 성격을 자기반성적으로 해명해 보려고 한다. 해석을 어떻게 이해하고 접근하든 해석은 해석되는 텍스트가 아니라 해석하는 해석자의 존재와 성격에 의해 요청되는 행위와 사건임을 본고는 전제한다. 텍스트가 주어짐으로 해석이 필요하게 되지만 텍스트의 이해는 해석자로서의 독자-청중의 제한성 때문에 발생한다는 것이다. 설교가 해석이라는 것은 설교가 인간 독자-청중의 불가피한 한계 때문에 요구되며 일어난다는 것이다. 설교가 필요한 이유는 성경텍스트와 독자-청중 사이의 조우가 단순하지 않다는 데 있다. 성경텍스트는 독자-청중에게 의미가 자명하지 않으며 관계가 자연스럽지 않기 때문에 독자-청중은 설교를 매개로 의미와 관계를 찾게 되는 것이다. 그러나 설교의 해석적 역할은 현대에 이르러 해석 자체의 이해가 복잡해지면서 과거에 기대되던 것처럼 단순하지 않게 되었다. 설교의 해석적 과제는 투명하고 자명한 일로 간주되었고 오직 메시지와 반응만이 문제시되었었다. 그러나 이제 결과물 이전에 해석과정 자체의 타당성을 자기반성적으로 해명할 것을 요구받기에 이른 것이다. 본고의 또 다른 전제는 설교적 해석은 일반적 해석과 다른 차원을 갖고 있다는 것이다. 설교는 현상학적 기술에 앞서 신학적으로 규정되고 해명돼야 할 특수한 해석사건이다. 설교적 해석은 일반 해석학적 차원에 해당하는 인간의 말이지만 동시에 신학적으로만 규명 가능한 하나님 말씀의 차원을 갖는다는 것이다. 설교가 하나님의 말씀이면서 동시에 인간의 말이라는 역설적 긴장이 본고의 방법론적 틀을 형성한다. 하나님 말씀과 인간의 말 사이의 간극과 병존을 어떻게 기술적으로 접근할 수 있느냐가 본고가 씨름하는 핵심주제이다. 이에 관해 종래의 텍스트-석의-우선적 접근, 말씀-텍스트-주도적 접근 및 독자-청중 중심적 접근의 한계를 넘어서기 위해 본고는 역설-긴장-성례적 접근을 대안으로 제시한다. 이 대안은 상호포섭적 연합을 핵심원리로 삼는다. 하나님 말씀으로서의 성경텍스트의 주도권을 보존하면서 독자-청중의 능동적 참여를 배제하지 않으려는 것이 원리의 의도이다. 상호포섭적 원리는 “내 안에 거하라 나도 너희 안에 거하리라”(요15:4a)라는 성만찬적 언약에 근거한다.
Abstract
This is to explicate self-reflexively the nature that homiletic hermeneutics has or must have, in view of the reality that sermon is inevitably a hermeneutic work. The article supposes that no matter how to understand and approach the hermeneutic, it is an act and event demanded by the interpreter’s existence and nature. While a hermeneutic act is necessary because a text is given, the need to understand the text emerges because of the limitedness of reader-audience as an interpreter. That sermon is hermeneutic is necessary and happening owing to the unescapable limitation of the human reader-audience. The reason that preaching is needful lies in that the encounter between the scriptural text and the reader-audience is not simple. Because the text’s meaning is not self-evident to the reader-audience, and the text’s relation to the reader-audience is not natural, the reader-audience seeks for the meaning and relation through preaching. But the hermeneutic role of sermon becomes ambiguous today according as understanding the hermeneutics itself becomes complicated. The hermeneutic function of sermon was accepted as transparent and legitimate; the remaining problem was the message ant the response to it. Now, however, a self-reflexive explaining of the validity of the hermeneutic process as such is demanded. Another presupposition of the article is that the sermonic hermeneutics has a different dimension from general hermeneutics. Preaching is a special hermeneutic event to prescribe and explicate in theological terms before to describe in phenomenological terms. While the sermonic hermeneutics has the dimension of the human words as the general hermeneutics does, it at the same time has the dimension of the Word of God, which can be theologically elucidated. The paradoxical tension that preaching is at the same time a divine Word and a human word forms the methodological frame of the study. It is the core theme of the article how to approach the gap between the Word of God and words of the human, and the coexistence of them. The article suggests the paradoxical-tensional-sacramental approach as an alternative for the preceding approaches, the text-exegesis-priority approach, the Word-text-initiative approach, and the reader-audience-centered approach, in order to go beyond the limitation of these. The alternative approach holds the inter-subsuming union as the core principle. Its intension is not to exclude the active participation of the reader-audience while retaining the initiative of the scriptural text as God’s Word. The principle of inter-subsuming union is based on the eucharistic covenant: “Abide in me, and I in you”(Jn.15:4a, KJV).
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