수치심의 생태계 이해와 기독교적 양육
The Ecological Understanding of Shame and Christian Nurture
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수치심은 자신이 잘못하거나 실수했을 때 드는 부끄러운 감정이다. 누구나 인생을 살면서 ‘창피하다’ 혹은 ‘부끄럽다’라는 감정을 경험한다. 수치심은 환경과 문화를 초월한 인간의 보편적 감정이고 다른 감정들을 여과하는 원초적 감정이며 정도에 따라 개인과 공동체의 삶, 영적 형성, 그리고 관계에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 그러나 수치심에 대한 성질과 영향에 대해 무지하거나 아니면 수치심의 중요성이 하잖게 여겨진다. 심리학, 교육학, 상담학, 그리고 정신 의학에서 수치심에 관한 다각적인 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 그 결과들이 관계 분야에서 광범위하게 활용되는 것과 달리 신학과 기독교 교육 분야에서 수치심에 관한 연구는 저조하다. 따라서 본 연구는 학제 간(學際間) 연구를 통해 신앙공동체 내 수치심에 관한 관심과 연구의 중요성을 환기하고 이를 토대로 수치심의 생태계 이해를 촉구하며 수치심 약화 혹은 극복을 위한 기독교 양육적 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 수치심 생태계 이해를 위해 건설적인 수치심과 불명예 수치심, 수치심과 죄책감의 차이, 수치심의 방어체계 등이 조명된다. 두 가지 측면에서 수치심 완화 혹은 극복을 위한 방안이 제시된다. 먼저, 개인적인 차원에서 뇌의 신경 가소성이 우리의 삶을 어떻게 변화하게 할 수 있는지를 살펴보았고 수치심 때문에 상처받고 왜곡된 부정적인 자의식과 정체성 회복을 위해 이마고 데이와 예수 그리스도를 통한 사랑과 은혜의 이야기와 같은 좋은 이야기에 참여하기가 하나의 방안으로 제시되었고 공동체적인 측면에서는 공감적 연대를 토대로 안전한 공동체 형성이 수치심 완화 혹은 극복을 위한 방안으로 제시되었다.
Abstract
Shame is a emotional feeling of embarrassment and humiliation about having done something wrong or made mistakes. Everyone feels shame. Shame has been called a universal emotion beyond context and culture, and primitive emotion that filters other emotions and negatively affects personal and communal life, spiritual formation, and relationships. The problem is that we do neither understand what it looks like nor how important it is. Research on shame in such fields as psychology, pedagogy, counseling, and psychology, has actively and productively been conducted and the findings have widely been used to encourage the people suffering from shame to overcome it, but very little the study on shame in the areas of theology or Christian education has been carried out. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to address the ecology of shame and suggest how to nurture in their faith communities to weaken or overcome shame through interdisciplinary research, asking congregations and their leaders to appreciate the issue of shame as important. For the ecological understanding of shame, constructive shame and disgrace shame, the difference between shame and guilt, and the defense system of shame are explored. In two aspects, the ways for mitigating or overcoming shame is discussed. In the personal aspect, how the neuroplasticity is related to renewing our life is reflected and then participating in good stories such as Imago Dei and God’s love/grace through Jesus Christ is suggested as a way that persons suffering from shame can do to recover negative self-consciousness and self-identity distorted and hurt by shame. In the community aspect, building a safe community based on empathic solidarity is explored as an approach that congregation can choose to build a safe faith community without shame or facilitate people to get over their shame.
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