본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

A societal perspective of sport: scale development in two settings

2

조회

0

다운로드

3

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

Sport scholars have been challenged to critically examine what constitutes distinctive areas of focus for the management of sport. Among these areas, the role of sport in society has been identified as a critical area of inquiry to derive this distinctiveness (Coalter, 2007; Zeigler, 2007). Due to the importance and pervasiveness of sport participation and sport spectating in society, an examination of these settings from a societal perspective is warranted. The purpose of the research was to construct and empirically test scales designed to explore sport participation and sport spectating contexts from a societal perspective. Sport participants (n ¼ 720) and sport spectators (n ¼ 451) completed adapted instruments based on the initial scale development work of Kang (2004). For both contexts, an examination of the psychometric properties revealed evidence of reliability and validity of the modified instruments. Perceptions of the dimensions differed between the sport participation and sport spectating setting. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

Abstract

Sport scholars have been challenged to critically examine what constitutes distinctive areas of focus for the management of sport. Among these areas, the role of sport in society has been identified as a critical area of inquiry to derive this distinctiveness (Coalter, 2007; Zeigler, 2007). Due to the importance and pervasiveness of sport participation and sport spectating in society, an examination of these settings from a societal perspective is warranted. The purpose of the research was to construct and empirically test scales designed to explore sport participation and sport spectating contexts from a societal perspective. Sport participants (n ¼ 720) and sport spectators (n ¼ 451) completed adapted instruments based on the initial scale development work of Kang (2004). For both contexts, an examination of the psychometric properties revealed evidence of reliability and validity of the modified instruments. Perceptions of the dimensions differed between the sport participation and sport spectating setting. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

참고문헌 (71)

  1. Ajzen, I., "From intention to actions: A theory of planned behavior, In Action control: From cognition to behavior", pp.11~39 (1985), Springer
  2. Ajzen, I., "The theory of planned behavior", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, pp.179~211 (1991)
  3. Anderson, J. A., "Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach", Psychological Bulletin, 103, pp.411~423 (1988)
  4. Asztalos, M., "Specific associations between types of physical activity and components of mental health", Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12, pp.468~474 (2009)
  5. Babiak, K., "Determinants of corporate social responsibility in professional sport: Internal and external factors", Journal of Sport Management, 23, pp.717~742 (2009)
  6. 이유재, "On the evaluation of structural equation models", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 16(1), 16(1), pp.74~94, Springer New York
  7. Banerjee, S. B., "Corporate environmentalism: The construct and its measurement", Journal of Business Research, 55(3), pp.177~191 (2002)
  8. Beaton, A. A., "An evaluation of theoretical frameworks for studying physically active leisure", Leisure Sciences, 30(1), pp.53~70 (2008)
  9. Bollen, K. A., "Structural equations with latent variables" (1989), John Wiley & Sons
  10. Branscombe, N. R., "The positive social and self concept consequences of sports team identification", Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 15(2), pp.115~127 (1991)
  11. Bright, A. D., "The role of social marketing in leisure and recreation management", Journal of Leisure Research, 32(1), pp.12~17 (2000)
  12. Brown, D., "Physical activity, sports participation and suicidal behaviors: A literature review", International Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 3, pp.484~500 (2005)
  13. Bryant, F. B., "Principal components analysis and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, In Reading and understanding multivariate statistics", pp.99~136 (1995), American Psychological Association
  14. Chalip, L., "Toward a distinctive sport management discipline", Journal of Sport Management, 20(1), pp.1~21 (2006)
  15. Coalter, F., "A wider social role for sport" (2007), Routledge
  16. Crompton, J. L., "Evolution and implications of a paradigm shift in the marketing of leisure services in the USA", Leisure Studies, 27(2), pp.181~206 (2008)
  17. Cronin, J. J., "Measuring service quality: A reexamination and extension", Journal of Marketing, 56(3), pp.55~68 (1992)
  18. Delamere, T. A., "Development of scale items to measure resident attitudes toward the social impact of community festivals: Part II: Verification of the scale", Event Management, An International Journal, 7(1), pp.25~38 (2001)
  19. Devasagayam, P. R., "A multidimensional conceptualization of brand community: An empirical investigation", Sport Marketing Quarterly, 17(1), pp.20~29 (2008)
  20. Dickson, G., "NASCAR’s next lap", International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 9(3), pp.157~ (2008)
  21. Fazio, R. H., "The role of attitude accessibility in the attitude-to-behavior process", Journal of Consumer Research, 16, pp.280~288 (1989)
  22. Fornell, C., "Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error", Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), pp.39~50 (1981)
  23. Freestone, O. M., "Motivations of the ethical consumer", Journal of Business Ethics, 79, pp.445~467 (2007)
  24. Girginov, V., "Canadian national sport organizations’ use of the web for relationship marketing in promoting sport participation", International Journal of Sport Communication, 2(2), pp.164~184 (2009)
  25. Gorsuch, R. L., "Factor analysis (2nd ed.)" (1983), Erlbaum
  26. Hagger, M. S., "The social psychology of exercise and sport" (2005), Open University
  27. Hagger, M. S., "Cross-cultural generalizability of the theory of planned behavior among young people in a physical activity context", Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29(1), pp.1~19 (2007)
  28. Ham, S. A., "Participation by US adults in sports, exercise, and recreational physical activities", Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 6(1), pp.6~14 (2009)
  29. Hardy, S., "Image isn’t everything: While community-relations programs primarily benefit teams and leagues, a focus on community building can achieve even broader goals", Athletic Business, 30(5), pp.50~54 (2006)
  30. Hu, L., "Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives", Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), pp.1~55 (1999)
  31. Humphreys, B. R., "Estimates of the dimensions of the sports market in the U.S", International Journal of Sport Finance, 4(2), pp.94~113 (2009)
  32. James, J. D., "Comparing sport consumer motivations across multiple sports", Sport Marketing Quarterly, 13(1), pp.17~25 (2004)
  33. Johnson, B., "Educational research (2nd ed.)" (2004), Sage Publications
  34. Kang, G. D., "Soc*Qual: The development of a scale to measure a societal marketing dimension", 박사, pp.2004
  35. [URL]
  36. Kinnear, T. C., "Ecologically concerned consumers: Who are they?", Journal of Marketing, 38(2), pp.20~24 (1974)
  37. Kline, R. B., "Principles and practice of structural equation modeling" (2005), Guilford Press
  38. Koivula, N., "Sport participation: Differences in motivation and actual participation due to gender typing", Journal of Sport Behavior, 22, pp.360~380 (1999)
  39. Lachowetz, T., "A framework for understanding cause-related sport marketing programs", International Journal of Sport Marketing and Sponsorship, 8, pp.313~333 (2002)
  40. Laroche, M., "Targeting consumers who are willing to pay more for environmentally friendly products", The Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18, pp.503~520 (2001)
  41. Min-Young Lee, "Consumer Awareness and Evaluation of Retailers’ Social Responsibility: An Exploratory Approach into Ethical Purchase Behavior from a U.S Perspective", Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science(마케팅과학연구), 20(1), pp.48~57 (2010), 한국마케팅과학회
  42. Mahony, D. F., "The impact of attitudes on the behavioral inentions of sport spectators", International Sports Journal, 2(2), pp.96~110 (1998)
  43. McDonald, M. A., "Motivational factors for evaluating sport spectator and participant markets", Sport Marketing Quarterly, 11(2), pp.100~113 (2002)
  44. Mehus, I., "Sociability and excitement motives of spectators attending entertainment sporting events: Spectators of soccer and ski-jumping", Journal of Sport Behavior, 28, pp.333~350 (2005)
  45. Miller, K. E., "Athletic participation and sexual behavior in adolescents: The different wolrds of boys and girls", Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 39(2), pp.108~123 (1998)
  46. Moutinho, L., "Surf tribal behavior: A sports marketing application", Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 25, pp.668~690 (2007)
  47. Muthe´n, L. K., "Mplus User’s Guide" (1998), Muthe´n & Muthe´n
  48. Michael E. Naylor, "Societal and Individual Benefits of Sport Participation", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCE, 4(1), pp.63~83 (2010), 한국체육학회
  49. Paek, H. J., "To buy or not to buy: Determinants of socially responsible consumer behavior and consumer reactions to cause-related and boycotting ads", Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 31(2), pp.75~89 (2009)
  50. Park, S., "Constraints to recreational sport participation for adolescents exposed to internetrelated delinquency: Developing marketing strategies for increasing sport participation", International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 16(1), pp.41~54 (2004)
  51. Jina Park, "Consumer Behavior in Green Marketing for Luxury Brand: A Cross-Cultural Study of US, Japan and Korea", Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science(마케팅과학연구), 20(4), pp.318~332 (2010), 한국마케팅과학회
  52. Parsuraman, A., "A conceptual model of service quality and its implications for future research", Journal of Marketing, 49, pp.41~50 (1985)
  53. Pate, R. R., "Sports participation and health-related behaviors among U.S. youth", Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 154, pp.904~911 (2000)
  54. Pepper, M., "An examination of the values that motivate socially conscious and frugal consumer behaviors", International Journal of Consumer Studies, 33(2), pp.126~136 (2009)
  55. Pritchard, M., "Loyalty measurement: A critical examination and theoretical extension", Leisure Sciences, 14(2), pp.155~164 (1992)
  56. Putnam, R. D., "Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital", Journal of Democracy, 6(1), pp.65~78 (1995)
  57. Reilly, J., "Charitable work sells at a number of firms", Marketing News, 34(19), pp.46~ (2000)
  58. Rhodes, R. E., "Disentangling motivation, intention and planning in the physical activity domain", Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7(1), pp.15~27 (2006)
  59. Rouvrais-Charron, C., "European football under close scrutiny", International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 10, pp.230~243 (2009)
  60. Satorra, A., "Scaled and adjusted restricted tests in multi-sample analysis of moment structures, In Innovations in multivariate statistical analysis", pp.233~247 (2000), Kluwer Academic
  61. Seabra, A. F., "Sports participation among Portuguese youth 10 to 18 years", Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 4, pp.370~380 (2007)
  62. Shaw, D., "An exploration of values in ethical consumer decision making", Journal of Consumer Behavior, 4(3), pp.185~200 (2005)
  63. Spence, J. C., "Toward a comprehensive model of physical activity", Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4(1), pp.7~24 (2003)
  64. Trail, G. T., "The motivation scale for sport consumption: Assessment of the scale’s psychometric properties", Journal of Sport Behavior, 24(1), pp.108~127 (2001)
  65. "Sport as a tool for development and peace: Towards achieving the United Nations millennium development goals" (2003)[URL]
  66. Vlachopoulos, S. P., "Motivation profiles in sport: A self determination theory perspective", Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71, pp.387~397 (2000)
  67. Wann, D. L., "Sport fans: The psychology and social impact of spectators" (2001), Routledge
  68. Weston, R., "A brief guide to structural equation modeling", The Counseling Psychologist, 34, pp.719~751 (2006)
  69. "Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health" (2004)[URL]
  70. Yoo, D., "Effects of market orientation and relationship orientation with suppliers on business performance in animal clinic industry: Moderating effects of entrepreneur’s characteristics and clinic location", Journal of Global Academy of Marketing Science, 18(2), pp.1~34 (2008)
  71. Zeigler, E. F., "Sport management must show social concern as it develops tenable theory", Journal of Sport Management, 21, pp.297~318 (2007)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (5건)