경제위기와 ODA 정책 변화 : 이탈리아와 그리스 사례 비교
Economic Crisis and Foreign Aid Policy: A Comparative Study of ODA Policies in Italy and Greece
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2008년 국제금융위기 이후 유럽연합 회원국이자 개발원조위원회 회원국인 이탈리아와 그리스는 경제위기라는 공통의 위기에 처하게 된다. 이러한 위기는 이탈리아와 그리스의 국제개발협력 정책에도 영향을 끼쳤고, 공적개발원조(ODA) 규모와 내용 상 변화를 가져왔다. 이탈리아와 그리스는 유사한 수준의 경제위기를 경험하였으나, 해당 국가들의 ODA 정책 상 그 세부적 변화는 상이하게 나타났다. 이탈리아는 양자원조의 규모를 유지한 반면, 그리스는 다자원조의 비율을 크게 증가시키고 양자원조의 비율을 대폭축소시켰다. 이탈리아의 대 EU 다자원조 비율에 있어서 유의미한 변화는 관측되지 않았던 반면, 그리스의 대 EU 다자원조 비율은 눈에 띄게 높아졌다. 이러한 정책 변화의차이를 설명하기 위하여, 본 연구는 이탈리아와 그리스의 경제적 규모 차이, 난민위기로 인한 정치적 차이, 역사적 ODA 정책 차이와 EU 내 외교적 영향력 차이라는 네가지의 요인들을 바탕으로 두 국가의 경제위기 상황에서의 ODA 정책 차이를 분석하였다. 이들 요인들 중 EU와의 외교적 관계 및 영향력 차이가 두 국가의 ODA 정책내 상 차이를 설명하는 중요 요인으로 파악되었다. 현재 진행 중인 국제적 위기 상황속에서, 본 연구는 공여국들의 국내외적인 요인들이 위기 후 각 국가의 ODA 정책에어떠한 변화를 유도할지에 대한 분석의 기초를 제공한다는 의미를 가진다.
Abstract
Since the global financial crisis in 2008, Italy and Greece, the member countries of the Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, have been affected by economic crises. Despite the similarities in their crisis experiences, we observe that their ODA policies have taken different paths. Italy has maintained the level of bilateral aid and multilateral contributions to the EU, whereas Greece has rapidly increased its contributions to the EU in absolute terms. To explain the different aid trajectories, this study examines the possible causes of such differences in terms of economic size, political dynamics from the refugee crisis, history of development cooperation, and diplomatic relations with the EU. Among these factors, the country’s diplomatic relationship with the EU appears to play a most significant role. Given that donor countries are affected by economic hardships in recent years, this study provides a theoretical understanding of donors’ behavior under the crisis concerning the domestic and international factors.
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