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통신정책결정에 영향을 미치는 이익집단 및 정치적 제도 요인에 관한 연구: 미국 연방통신위원회(FCC)의 “판결적 규칙제정결정(adjudicative rule-making decisions)”을 중심으로

Influences of Interest Groups and Political Institutionson Telecommunications Policy-Making (i.e., FCC's "Adjudicative Rule-Making Decisions")

심광호
한국세계지역학회 (The Korean Association Of Area Studies)|2008.04|세계지역연구논총 (The Korean Journal of Area Studies)|제26권 제1호|pp. 227-253

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참고문헌

키워드

Regulation theoryAT&TLogistic regression통신정책판결적 규칙제정(adjudicative rule-making)미국 연방통신위원회(FCC)규제이론로짓 회귀분석(logistic regression)Telecommunications policyAdjudicative rule-makingU.S. Federal Communications Commission(FCC)
주제분류정치외교학

초록

본 연구는 1984년 미국의 거대통신기업인 AT&T(American Telephone & Telegraph)가 분할된 후 10여년 간의 경쟁 환경이 더욱 진전된 후인 1994년부터 2005년까지 12년 동안 AT&T의 독점행위와 관련 미국 연방통신위원회(Federal Communications Commission: FCC)가 내린 “판결적 규칙제정결정들(adjudicative rule-making decisions)”을 분석하여 그러한 정책결정에 영향을 미친 정치경제적 이익집단 및 제도적 요인들을 규명함과 동시에 각 요인들의 강도 및 방향을 분석하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 질적․문헌적 분석은 물론 “로짓 회귀분석(logistic regression)”을 적용한 경험적․통계적 모형을 개발․적용하였다. 분석결과, AT&T의 붕괴이후 10여 년이 경과된 이후부터는 경쟁 증진과 공공이익의 보호라는 2가지 통신정책의 목표의 기치를 실제 구현하여 FCC는 AT&T의 사적 이익 못지않게 경쟁적인 타통신회사들(other common carriers: OCCs) 및 소비자 이익단체 등의 공익에 우세한 판결을 내려왔다. 이러한 AT&T의 행위와 관련한 미국 연방정부의 통신정책결정은 OCCs와 다양한 공익 및 소비자 이익단체들로 대표되는 “이해집단의 힘”과 의회, 법원 및 FCC기관 자체를 포함하는 “정치적 제도들의 역할”에 의해 영향을 받은 것으로 드러났다.

Abstract

This study analyzes the “adjudicative rule-making decisions” made by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regarding the long-term dominant carrier, AT&T, in the U.S. long-distance service market over the period of 1994-2005. With the goal of identifying the determinants of FCC’s telecommunications policy decisions that were made in favor of AT&T as much as other common carriers or public interest groups, this study seeks to test regulation theories regarding interest group power and the roles of political institutions. A logistic regression model characterizing the conditions under which the FCC actually adopted policy decisions in favor of or against AT&T’s interests was developed to understand the response of the FCC and assess the relative effects of interest groups and political institutions on the FCC’s 410 decision cases. The logit analysis shows that FCC policy making is significantly influenced by simultaneous modes of interest group power, coming from AT&T, other common carriers and other public interest groups, and the roles of political institutions, including the federal agency (FCC) itself, U.S. Congress, the President, and the courts.

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