Requesting by Korean EFL University Learners with Respect to Power
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초록
Despite a considerable number of studies conducted on requests, the majority of languagesand cultures examined were Western ones. Only a handful of studies addressed request speech acts of Korean learners of a second language. Even the few existing studies failed to examine how social constraints such as social status affect the request acts of Korean EFL learners. Consequently, the present study aims to investigate the similarities and differences in the realization patterns of request acts between Korean EFL learners andnative English speakers, relative to social status (i.e., making requests to a person of (a) a higher social status, (b) a lower social status, and (c) an equal social status). The findings revealed that although Korean EFL learners and native English speakers showed similarities in that they both predominantly used the hearer-based indirect strategy, Korean EFL learners sometimes exhibited a lack of understanding of sociocultural norms with respect to social status. Korean EFL learners, for example, used hints more frequently when making requests to someone of an equal or lower social status. In comparison with the native English speakers, the Korean EFL learners overwhelmingly preferred to use imperatives when speaking to a person of a lower social status, indicative of an L1 transfer effect. They also showed inconsistency in politeness in making requests to a person of an equal social status. Furthermore, unlike the native English speakers, the Korean EFL learners failed to use various politeness strategies appropriately to compensate for the face-threatening effect of the request on the hearer.
Abstract
Despite a considerable number of studies conducted on requests, the majority of languagesand cultures examined were Western ones. Only a handful of studies addressed request speech acts of Korean learners of a second language. Even the few existing studies failed to examine how social constraints such as social status affect the request acts of Korean EFL learners. Consequently, the present study aims to investigate the similarities and differences in the realization patterns of request acts between Korean EFL learners andnative English speakers, relative to social status (i.e., making requests to a person of (a) a higher social status, (b) a lower social status, and (c) an equal social status). The findings revealed that although Korean EFL learners and native English speakers showed similarities in that they both predominantly used the hearer-based indirect strategy, Korean EFL learners sometimes exhibited a lack of understanding of sociocultural norms with respect to social status. Korean EFL learners, for example, used hints more frequently when making requests to someone of an equal or lower social status. In comparison with the native English speakers, the Korean EFL learners overwhelmingly preferred to use imperatives when speaking to a person of a lower social status, indicative of an L1 transfer effect. They also showed inconsistency in politeness in making requests to a person of an equal social status. Furthermore, unlike the native English speakers, the Korean EFL learners failed to use various politeness strategies appropriately to compensate for the face-threatening effect of the request on the hearer.
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