Realism Regained: The Function of Hobson at the Present Time
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This paper homes in on the idea of “realism” operating in an essay by the Victorian political economist J. A. Hobson. A rather obscure piece of literary criticism, “The Task of Realism” (1909) is in fact a manifesto of sorts that seeks to redefine the relationship between higher education and politics in an era newly replete with technical and specialized knowledge. The political economist’s master narratives about imperialism, laissez-faire capitalism, and the construction of the modern welfare state converge, I argue, upon the question of academic specialization diagnosed in this essay. I analyze Hobson’s terms, identifying a logic by which literature’s “general,” “realist” orientation endows it with the potential to carry out a socialism of thought-structure. Hobson’s particular—and peculiarly English—understanding of the relationship between social reform, national culture and literature, and his naming of this assemblage as “realism” begins to give us a sense of why progressive discourse must be both a style and a general system of thought. It gives us a sense that collective agency requires integrating knowledge into a unified articulation of a problem—the task, as it were, of literary studies and criticism to pollinate the fields otherwise cordoned off onto themselves.
Abstract
This paper homes in on the idea of “realism” operating in an essay by the Victorian political economist J. A. Hobson. A rather obscure piece of literary criticism, “The Task of Realism” (1909) is in fact a manifesto of sorts that seeks to redefine the relationship between higher education and politics in an era newly replete with technical and specialized knowledge. The political economist’s master narratives about imperialism, laissez-faire capitalism, and the construction of the modern welfare state converge, I argue, upon the question of academic specialization diagnosed in this essay. I analyze Hobson’s terms, identifying a logic by which literature’s “general,” “realist” orientation endows it with the potential to carry out a socialism of thought-structure. Hobson’s particular—and peculiarly English—understanding of the relationship between social reform, national culture and literature, and his naming of this assemblage as “realism” begins to give us a sense of why progressive discourse must be both a style and a general system of thought. It gives us a sense that collective agency requires integrating knowledge into a unified articulation of a problem—the task, as it were, of literary studies and criticism to pollinate the fields otherwise cordoned off onto themselves.
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