Literature, Economics, and Historical Materialism: Marx on Defoe’s Crusoe and the Conceptualization of Feudalism in Capital
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Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe has been the subject of critical work that sits at the border between literature and economics. Indeed, the novel itself was popular among nineteenth-century political economists as a site for thought experiments. However, Karl Marx found these readings to be wanting and indeed provided his own reading of Robinson Crusoe as part of his ideas about the relations between feudalism and capitalism. This article argues that Marx’s reading breaks with the straight-forward interpretations of political economists and, using historical materialist methods, uncovers the complexities of representing the temporalities of capitalist modernity. I posit that Marx does not see in Defoe’s island novel a parable of the “state of nature,” but rather a complex representation of conditions of labor, which, read in the context of the totality of the work, reveals a narrative of “class-becoming” in that Crusoe recapitulates the very narrative of the bourgeoisie emerging from feudalism into capitalism.
Abstract
Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe has been the subject of critical work that sits at the border between literature and economics. Indeed, the novel itself was popular among nineteenth-century political economists as a site for thought experiments. However, Karl Marx found these readings to be wanting and indeed provided his own reading of Robinson Crusoe as part of his ideas about the relations between feudalism and capitalism. This article argues that Marx’s reading breaks with the straight-forward interpretations of political economists and, using historical materialist methods, uncovers the complexities of representing the temporalities of capitalist modernity. I posit that Marx does not see in Defoe’s island novel a parable of the “state of nature,” but rather a complex representation of conditions of labor, which, read in the context of the totality of the work, reveals a narrative of “class-becoming” in that Crusoe recapitulates the very narrative of the bourgeoisie emerging from feudalism into capitalism.
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