『인도로 가는 길』에 나타난 자유주의, 역사성과 집단적 기억
Liberalism, History and Collective Memory in A Passage to India
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Against the traditional Marxist literary theory of reflection, Pierre Macherey argued that a literary work cannot but work as a distorted mirror reflecting reality only selectively due to its ideology. Inversely, the selectiveness of the reflection, according to him, is also symptomatically revelatory of the ideology behind the reflection. Following this poststructuralist Marxist’s insight, this paper starts from the premise that E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India is conspicuous in its distortion or omission of certain prominent historical events in the British-ruled India, and the historical absence in the text is indicative of the ideology informing the text. In this light, this paper investigates what kind of history and social memory are excluded from Forster’s text and what purpose this textual/historical manipulation is put in the service of. It locates liberalism or liberal humanism behind the text’s distancing itself from traumatic historical incidents such as the 1857 Indian Mutiny and the 1919 Amritsar Massacre. The conclusion of this paper is that Forster acutely felt and thus narrativised the need for amity between Indians and Anglo-Indians, and this exclusive focus on inter-racial intimacy served to neutralize politically explosive matters from an individualizing perspective, as seen in his depiction of Aziz’s trial and its consequences and also of the last farewell scene between Aziz and Fielding.
Abstract
Against the traditional Marxist literary theory of reflection, Pierre Macherey argued that a literary work cannot but work as a distorted mirror reflecting reality only selectively due to its ideology. Inversely, the selectiveness of the reflection, according to him, is also symptomatically revelatory of the ideology behind the reflection. Following this poststructuralist Marxist’s insight, this paper starts from the premise that E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India is conspicuous in its distortion or omission of certain prominent historical events in the British-ruled India, and the historical absence in the text is indicative of the ideology informing the text. In this light, this paper investigates what kind of history and social memory are excluded from Forster’s text and what purpose this textual/historical manipulation is put in the service of. It locates liberalism or liberal humanism behind the text’s distancing itself from traumatic historical incidents such as the 1857 Indian Mutiny and the 1919 Amritsar Massacre. The conclusion of this paper is that Forster acutely felt and thus narrativised the need for amity between Indians and Anglo-Indians, and this exclusive focus on inter-racial intimacy served to neutralize politically explosive matters from an individualizing perspective, as seen in his depiction of Aziz’s trial and its consequences and also of the last farewell scene between Aziz and Fielding.
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