Biopolitics’ Missing Link in Psychoanalysis: An Interdisciplinary Study
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Michel Foucault is considered the originator of biopolitical thought, although it was not first theorized by him. In his seminars on biopolitics, Foucault distinguished the sovereign power to “take life and let live” from the biopower to “’make’ live and ‘let’ die.” However, he was not properly able to distinguish these two different concepts of power. His philosophy of biopower to “make live” often returns to his discussion of thanatopower to kill. Moreover, by exploring Nazi state nationalism, Foucault theorized that the sovereign power to kill is only “complemented” by biopower to preserve life. The Third Reich’s simultaneous final solution regarding the Jews and highly developed public health system based on bio-science demonstrate the paradox residing within biopolitics. Yet Foucault does not identify the “missing link” to mediate these two distinctive powers. Roberto Esposito attempted to theorize this “missing link” through his own concept of “immunity,” but this missing link—meaning the organism’s negative protection—is in fact a metaphorical notion found in philosophical concepts such as Hobbes’s conservatio vitae, Schmitt’s katechon, and Derrida’s pharmakon. However, this missing link can also be located in various psychoanalytic concepts including the idea of “drive.” This essay explores Freud’s at once biological and biopolitical essays dealing with the life drive and the death drive to survey the inseparable ties between these two drives from a biopolitical perspective.
Abstract
Michel Foucault is considered the originator of biopolitical thought, although it was not first theorized by him. In his seminars on biopolitics, Foucault distinguished the sovereign power to “take life and let live” from the biopower to “’make’ live and ‘let’ die.” However, he was not properly able to distinguish these two different concepts of power. His philosophy of biopower to “make live” often returns to his discussion of thanatopower to kill. Moreover, by exploring Nazi state nationalism, Foucault theorized that the sovereign power to kill is only “complemented” by biopower to preserve life. The Third Reich’s simultaneous final solution regarding the Jews and highly developed public health system based on bio-science demonstrate the paradox residing within biopolitics. Yet Foucault does not identify the “missing link” to mediate these two distinctive powers. Roberto Esposito attempted to theorize this “missing link” through his own concept of “immunity,” but this missing link—meaning the organism’s negative protection—is in fact a metaphorical notion found in philosophical concepts such as Hobbes’s conservatio vitae, Schmitt’s katechon, and Derrida’s pharmakon. However, this missing link can also be located in various psychoanalytic concepts including the idea of “drive.” This essay explores Freud’s at once biological and biopolitical essays dealing with the life drive and the death drive to survey the inseparable ties between these two drives from a biopolitical perspective.
참고문헌 (24)
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