조선시대 시화집 소재 퇴계 시 비평 연구

Abstract

Toegye lived in the period when the Sarim political faction was consolidating its foundation based on Neo-Confucianism philosophies. They explored the essence of the universe and life, and ceaselessly endeavored to actualize the politics of seeking after sages and enlightening the people. Therefore, literature also was not regarded as being separated from the Truth. They perceived literature as the moral value carrier for actualizing the Truth. Under the principle of 'Writing Conveys Morality,' poetry composition was conducted, and poetry composition was regarded as a means of cultivating oneself in the course of being disciplined in the Learning of Confucianism and Morality. Despite poetry being used as a means of being disciplined in the Truth, Toegye wrote many works, which have been left until today. To better understand Toegye poems, the Joseon-era collections of poems were explored to review commentaries on his poetry by gathering the story of Toegye poems and Toegye as a poet. As a result, Toegye steadily attracted attention from literary records, such as Songgyemangok松溪漫錄 by Gwon Eung-in (1517-?) early in the 16th century, Dongguksihwa東國詩話 with the author unknown in the mid-19th century, and Dong sigidam東詩奇談. Toegye poetic story volume alone, recorded in such collections, is not small, but commentaries on Toegye poems were scanty and simple. Toegye poetic stories, quoted since the 17th century, mostly continued to be repeated, and without no particular commentaries, many Toegye poems were quoted. One of the reasons for that is deemed to be that although his poems could not be commented on in terms of literary value, given this high profile, they are thought to have been intentionally carried. Meanwhile, Toegye appears to have been clearly distinguished from professional poets. Toegye succeeded to Zhu Xi as a great Confucian philosopher, and the philosophies were naturally realized in his poetry composition. Such Neo-Confucian view of literature significantly influenced commentaries on poetry in Joseon. This means that Neo-Confucian view of literature began to be fully realized only with Toegye after the philosophy was transferred to Joseon. Thus, Joseon-era critics offered commentaries with their attention to Neo-Confucian values. Toegye poems in his poetic stories did not depend on olden-time poets such as Du Bo, Yi Baek, Do Yeon Myeong, and So Sik as the model of poetry composition. Instead, Toegye frankly expressed his understandings from mind cultivation and discipline as poems. As Toegye commented on his poems as simple and genuine, he might seek the originality of poetry.