영등할머니 호칭의 의미와 성격

Abstract

Yeongdeung Grandma is a personalized home goddess of the wind of February by the lunar calendar. On the first day of February by the lunar calendar, she descends from the heaven, dwells in the world, and ascends back on the 15th or 20th day of the same month. The lunar February when she visits us is a transit from winter to spring, and also is an unstable time when the cold of the late winter or early spring visits us intermittently. The name of Yeongdeung Grandma inherited across the nation is diverse, such as Yeongdeung, Yeongdong, Yeongdu, Yeongdeungjiseok, Iwolhalmeoni, Iwol, Iwolyeongdeung, Iwoljeseok, Pungsinhalmeoni, Jeseokhalmeoni, Jeseok, Sonnim, and Son. Of these various names, key words are Yeongdeung, Iwol, Pungsin, Jeseok, and Sonnim, totaling five names. Except Sonnim, the other names have a modifier, Halmeoni, giving them the image of an old lady goddess. Of them, the most general name is Yeongdeung. When describing the weather of the lunar February, the term refers to tide time in the southern coast, and divine names are reflected in components of the Yeongdeung Grandma faith, namely, the body and ritual offerings. Typical divine names include Bi Yeongdeung, Bibaram Yeongdeung, Yeongdeung Si, Yeongdeung Dwitsi, Yeongdeung Dae, and Yeongdeung Kkkkuji. Also, historical records confirm that home goddesses worshiped in Gyeongsang-do in the lunar February include Yeondeung (然燈), Yeongdong (靈童), Yeongdeung (迎燈), Yeongdeung (靈登), Yeongdeung (嶺登), and Yeongdeung Jeseok (盈騰帝釋). Iwol, Pungsin, Jeseok, and Sonnim are those names which highlight typical characters of Yeongdeung. Iwol emphasizes time, and is concentrated in the Chungcheong-do region. Pungsin is the Chinese characters of wind goddess, and is widely used in Gangwon-do. Jeseok is a name that is massively used in the inland areas in the vicinity of Mt. Sobaek and in coastal areas in Gyeongsang-do, highlighting Yeongdeung as a heavenly deity. Lastly, Sonnim is a name that symbolizes a guest who stays at home for a while and leaves. Putting together all of this, Yeongdeung Grandma is the recognition of the natural phenomenon wind, which has long remained in our ancestors' consciousness, and furthermore is the Old Lady Goddess who can adjust and control the wind.