조귀명 「좌준」의 방고적 창작방식과 현실적 주제의식에 관하여

Abstract

This paper examined Cho Kwimyŏng's Chwajun, comprised of reconstructed dialogues and discourses of Zuo Tradation that was absent in the original work, to understand its emulative nature of writing and its realistic implication. Chwajun demonstrates novelistic approach toward the solemnly-regarded classic of Zuo Tradition as one of its chapters changes the plot of the original text in fictitious manner. However, Chwajun also displays rigid adherence toward historic contexts and correct reconstruction of language of the time in its emulation of the original text. In this aspect, Chwajun can be differentiated from imitative literature of Ming dynasty's Wang Shizhen(王世貞), which Cho regarded as presumptuous and fabricated for the author tries to become more than a pupil of classical masters, and for the work shows discrepancy between the contemporary setting and the archaic style. Meanwhile, Chwajun is also a work with realistic implication which handles contemporary socio-political matters, considering Cho Kwimyŏng's understanding of meaning of history as a giver of moral lessons and his serious attention toward Musin Rebellion of 1728 and aftermath of it. Cho's finding that many lower class people died guarding the values like loyalty which many upper class people betrayed during the rebellion resulted in Chwajun often displaying character composition in which a lower class person persuades an upper class person with the right way. His new positive perception toward the lower class also led Cho to portray a harmonious picture of a society where the upper and the lower get along and respectiong each other. Furthermore, in regard to the problematic international relations of Chosŏn and Qing China, Chwajun affirms foundational righteousness of Spring and Autumn's approach to Hua-yi relations, but also recognizes importance of flexible response toward the changing world without being restricted by ideological stiffness, in doing so also warns that the flexible response can only succeed when it is based on reliable reality and right value. In conclusion, Chwajun can be understood as a text which shows deep insight on the right methods of emulating classics and seeks valid ways to solve predicaments of the 18th century Chosŏn.