국어 용언의 품사 분류에 관한 인지적 접근

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is examining a predicate class of Korean from cognitive linguistical viewpoint. In prescriptive grammar of Korean, predicate category is divided into two parts, verb and adjective class. Some predicate has properties both verb and adjective at the same time, it is difficult to decide their parts of speech, such as '늙-, 모자라-'. Focus of here is on the explaining why a word belongs to the verb or adjective class by analyzing cognitive meaning. For example, '모자라-' does not relate to [process] and [time], but it isn't an adjective. To categorization, the continuum approach is more useful than the dichotomy approach. The subjects of the analysis are four words. '가-', '젊-' are typical examples of each class, '늙-', '모자라-' are the marginal examples. '가-' is belong to the verb class; this is obvious fact, because the lexical meaning has [process] and related to [time], so it is natural the stem of '가-' can combine with '-ㄴ/는-', '-고 있다’ and '-어 가다'. However, '늙-’ is little different case. [Process] meaning of '늙-' is abstract, but it is related to [time], because the movement of the traject is abstract and the domain of landmark is unclear. From movement of traject, although movement of traject is invisible, '늙-' can combine with '-ㄴ/는-', '-고 있다' and '-어 가다'. '모자라-' doesn't relate to [process] and [time], means [state]. It has no movement of traject in schema. But landmark has standard point. It is a kind of destination (or directing points) where traject proceed to reach. A gap between traject and landmark area relate to change of "degree of lack", so it become more similar to verb. '젊-' means [state] and [non-time], also there is no standard point inside landmark as '모자라-'. A a gap of area between traject and landmark does not relate to change of "degree of young". In this respect '젊-' is obviously different with '모자라-', and then it can not combine with present or progressive marker.