김동명 시의 대속(代贖)적 주체와 사랑의 윤리학 - 여성 이미지를 중심으로

Abstract

This article focuses on the female images that appear in Kim Dong-myeong's poetry and reveals the meaning of poetic subject and consciousness of poetic themes that run throughout his poetic world. Kim Dong-myeong's poetic subject was an ethical subject called the subject of substitution or atonement, representing the pain and persecution of others and atoning for the sins of others. And the poetic theme that runs through his world of poetry was love for others, my neighbors. In his first collection of poetry, 『My Geomungo』 , Kim Dong-myeong discovers the meaning of human life that is not identified with life in the colonial city from women in fishing villages and rural areas. However, when Japan colonized Joseon with capitalism and fascism in the late 1930s, colonial women became identified with capitalism and totalitarianism or became objects of sexual exploitation. Through his second poetry collection 『芭蕉』, Kim Dong-myeong expressed the image of a woman who became identified with capitalism and became a nun or a prostitute. However, Kim Dong-myeong did not blame or criticize them, but treated them as his fellow countrymen and felt sorry for their unhappy lives. Kim Dong-myeong poetically expressed that in order to overcome this reality and live a humane ‘true life’, we must protect the national literature called Joseon literature. He also emphasized the need for endless hospitality and love for female that suffered from the colonial reality. Furthermore, he poeticized the image and love of a redeeming subject who could even become their ‘servant’ to represent the pain of women in misfortune. Poetry collections such as 『三八線』 , 『Sky』 , and 『珍珠灣』 , which can be said to be Kim Dong-myeong's mid-period poetry, testify to the totalitarian violence experienced by the North Korean people under the Soviet military presence. After liberation, Soviet troops stationed in North Korea committed sexual violence against Japanese refugees and routinely searched North Korean citizens, and North Korea's sovereignty was not recognized. Kim Dong-myeong denounced the reality of the time on behalf of the North Korean people through poetry, testifying to the reality of North Korea, which was in a state of war. In particular, totalitarian violence against Japanese refugees even destroyed their human identity by driving individuals to pursue only extreme interests and conatus. Kim Dong-myeong is also concerned that the human community in North Korea may be destroyed, as refugees abandon their hometowns and secretly take refuge in North Korea, where starvation occurs due to exploitation by the Soviet military. By depicting the reality of North Korean refugees, Kim Dong-myeong wrote a poem asking all of humanity to show love for North Koreans on their behalf. Kim Dong-myeong, who went to South Korea due to discord with the North Korean Communist Party, experienced the Korean War again in South Korea. War not only produced many casualties, but also produced others such as orphans and widows. Kim Dong-myeong's last collection of poems, 『目擊者』, depicts women like Yanggalbo and widows who emerged in South Korea where U.S. troops were stationed. After the Korean War, the Syngman Rhee regime and the right-wingers pursued a policy of making citizens despise Yanggalbo, but Kim Dong-myeong stood their side and spoke on their behalf of their painful lives through poetry. In addition, he was impressed by the women who became widows due to the war took on the role of head of the household. he also discovered and poeticized the image of a redeeming subject who would overcome the post-war national crisis and the power of motherly love to represent others. In his poetry, he emphasized that women's maternal love was the force that could overcome the absurd reality of the post-war era.